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authorGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2001-04-19 21:33:44 +0000
committerGerald Carter <jerry@samba.org>2001-04-19 21:33:44 +0000
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+<HTML
+><HEAD
+><TITLE
+>How to Install and Test SAMBA</TITLE
+><META
+NAME="GENERATOR"
+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.57"></HEAD
+><BODY
+CLASS="ARTICLE"
+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
+TEXT="#000000"
+LINK="#0000FF"
+VLINK="#840084"
+ALINK="#0000FF"
+><DIV
+CLASS="ARTICLE"
+><DIV
+CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
+><H1
+CLASS="TITLE"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1"
+>How to Install and Test SAMBA</A
+></H1
+><HR></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN3"
+>Step 0: Read the man pages</A
+></H1
+><P
+>The man pages distributed with SAMBA contain
+ lots of useful info that will help to get you started.
+ If you don't know how to read man pages then try
+ something like:</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>$ </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>nroff -man smbd.8 | more
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>Other sources of information are pointed to
+ by the Samba web site,<A
+HREF="http://www.samba.org/"
+TARGET="_top"
+> http://www.samba.org</A
+></P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN11"
+>Step 1: Building the Binaries</A
+></H1
+><P
+>To do this, first run the program <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>./configure
+ </B
+> in the source directory. This should automatically
+ configure Samba for your operating system. If you have unusual
+ needs then you may wish to run</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>root# </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>./configure --help
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>first to see what special options you can enable.
+ Then exectuting</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>root# </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>make</B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>will create the binaries. Once it's successfully
+ compiled you can use </P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>root# </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>make install</B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>to install the binaries and manual pages. You can
+ separately install the binaries and/or man pages using</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>root# </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>make installbin
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>and</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>root# </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>make installman
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>Note that if you are upgrading for a previous version
+ of Samba you might like to know that the old versions of
+ the binaries will be renamed with a ".old" extension. You
+ can go back to the previous version with</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>root# </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>make revert
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>if you find this version a disaster!</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN39"
+>Step 2: The all important step</A
+></H1
+><P
+>At this stage you must fetch yourself a
+ coffee or other drink you find stimulating. Getting the rest
+ of the install right can sometimes be tricky, so you will
+ probably need it.</P
+><P
+>If you have installed samba before then you can skip
+ this step.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN43"
+>Step 3: Create the smb configuration file.</A
+></H1
+><P
+>There are sample configuration files in the examples
+ subdirectory in the distribution. I suggest you read them
+ carefully so you can see how the options go together in
+ practice. See the man page for all the options.</P
+><P
+>The simplest useful configuration file would be
+ something like this:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> [global]
+ workgroup = MYGROUP
+
+ [homes]
+ guest ok = no
+ read only = no
+ </PRE
+></P
+><P
+>which would allow connections by anyone with an
+ account on the server, using either their login name or
+ "homes" as the service name. (Note that I also set the
+ workgroup that Samba is part of. See BROWSING.txt for defails)</P
+><P
+>Note that <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>make install</B
+> will not install
+ a <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>smb.conf</TT
+> file. You need to create it
+ yourself. </P
+><P
+>Make sure you put the smb.conf file in the same place
+ you specified in the<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>Makefile</TT
+> (the default is to
+ look for it in <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/usr/local/samba/lib/</TT
+>).</P
+><P
+>For more information about security settings for the
+ [homes] share please refer to the document UNIX_SECURITY.txt.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN57"
+>Step 4: Test your config file with
+ <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>testparm</B
+></A
+></H1
+><P
+>It's important that you test the validity of your
+ <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>smb.conf</TT
+> file using the testparm program.
+ If testparm runs OK then it will list the loaded services. If
+ not it will give an error message.</P
+><P
+>Make sure it runs OK and that the services look
+ resonable before proceeding. </P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN63"
+>Step 5: Starting the smbd and nmbd</A
+></H1
+><P
+>You must choose to start smbd and nmbd either
+ as daemons or from <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>inetd</B
+>. Don't try
+ to do both! Either you can put them in <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+> inetd.conf</TT
+> and have them started on demand
+ by <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>inetd</B
+>, or you can start them as
+ daemons either from the command line or in <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+> /etc/rc.local</TT
+>. See the man pages for details
+ on the command line options. Take particular care to read
+ the bit about what user you need to be in order to start
+ Samba. In many cases you must be root.</P
+><P
+>The main advantage of starting <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>smbd</B
+>
+ and <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>nmbd</B
+> as a daemon is that they will
+ respond slightly more quickly to an initial connection
+ request. This is, however, unlikely to be a problem.</P
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN73"
+>Step 5a: Starting from inetd.conf</A
+></H2
+><P
+>NOTE; The following will be different if
+ you use NIS or NIS+ to distributed services maps.</P
+><P
+>Look at your <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/services</TT
+>.
+ What is defined at port 139/tcp. If nothing is defined
+ then add a line like this:</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>netbios-ssn 139/tcp</B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>similarly for 137/udp you should have an entry like:</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>netbios-ns 137/udp</B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>Next edit your <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inetd.conf</TT
+>
+ and add two lines something like this:</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> netbios-ssn stream tcp nowait root /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd smbd
+ netbios-ns dgram udp wait root /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd nmbd
+ </PRE
+></P
+><P
+>The exact syntax of <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inetd.conf</TT
+>
+ varies between unixes. Look at the other entries in inetd.conf
+ for a guide.</P
+><P
+>NOTE: Some unixes already have entries like netbios_ns
+ (note the underscore) in <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/services</TT
+>.
+ You must either edit <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/services</TT
+> or
+ <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inetd.conf</TT
+> to make them consistant.</P
+><P
+>NOTE: On many systems you may need to use the
+ "interfaces" option in smb.conf to specify the IP address
+ and netmask of your interfaces. Run <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>ifconfig</B
+>
+ as root if you don't know what the broadcast is for your
+ net. <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>nmbd</B
+> tries to determine it at run
+ time, but fails on somunixes. See the section on "testing nmbd"
+ for a method of finding if you need to do this.</P
+><P
+>!!!WARNING!!! Many unixes only accept around 5
+ parameters on the command line in <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>inetd.conf</TT
+>.
+ This means you shouldn't use spaces between the options and
+ arguments, or you should use a script, and start the script
+ from <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>inetd</B
+>.</P
+><P
+>Restart <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>inetd</B
+>, perhaps just send
+ it a HUP. If you have installed an earlier version of <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+> nmbd</B
+> then you may need to kill nmbd as well.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN102"
+>Step 5b. Alternative: starting it as a daemon</A
+></H2
+><P
+>To start the server as a daemon you should create
+ a script something like this one, perhaps calling
+ it <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>startsmb</TT
+>.</P
+><P
+><PRE
+CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
+> #!/bin/sh
+ /usr/local/samba/bin/smbd -D
+ /usr/local/samba/bin/nmbd -D
+ </PRE
+></P
+><P
+>then make it executable with <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>chmod
+ +x startsmb</B
+></P
+><P
+>You can then run <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>startsmb</B
+> by
+ hand or execute it from <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/rc.local</TT
+>
+ </P
+><P
+>To kill it send a kill signal to the processes
+ <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>nmbd</B
+> and <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>smbd</B
+>.</P
+><P
+>NOTE: If you use the SVR4 style init system then
+ you may like to look at the <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>examples/svr4-startup</TT
+>
+ script to make Samba fit into that system.</P
+></DIV
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN118"
+>Step 6: Try listing the shares available on your
+ server</A
+></H1
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>$ </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>smbclient -L
+ <TT
+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
+><I
+>yourhostname</I
+></TT
+></B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>Your should get back a list of shares available on
+ your server. If you don't then something is incorrectly setup.
+ Note that this method can also be used to see what shares
+ are available on other LanManager clients (such as WfWg).</P
+><P
+>If you choose user level security then you may find
+ that Samba requests a password before it will list the shares.
+ See the <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>smbclient</B
+> man page for details. (you
+ can force it to list the shares without a password by
+ adding the option -U% to the command line. This will not work
+ with non-Samba servers)</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN127"
+>Step 7: Try connecting with the unix client</A
+></H1
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>$ </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>smbclient <TT
+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
+><I
+> //yourhostname/aservice</I
+></TT
+></B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>Typically the <TT
+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
+><I
+>yourhostname</I
+></TT
+>
+ would be the name of the host where you installed <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+> smbd</B
+>. The <TT
+CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
+><I
+>aservice</I
+></TT
+> is
+ any service you have defined in the <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>smb.conf</TT
+>
+ file. Try your user name if you just have a [homes] section
+ in <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>smb.conf</TT
+>.</P
+><P
+>For example if your unix host is bambi and your login
+ name is fred you would type:</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>$ </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>smbclient //bambi/fred
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN143"
+>Step 8: Try connecting from a DOS, WfWg, Win9x, WinNT,
+ Win2k, OS/2, etc... client</A
+></H1
+><P
+>Try mounting disks. eg:</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>C:\WINDOWS\&#62; </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>net use d: \\servername\service
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>Try printing. eg:</P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>C:\WINDOWS\&#62; </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>net use lpt1:
+ \\servername\spoolservice</B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>C:\WINDOWS\&#62; </TT
+><TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>print filename
+ </B
+></TT
+></P
+><P
+>Celebrate, or send me a bug report!</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><HR><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN157"
+>What If Things Don't Work?</A
+></H1
+><P
+>If nothing works and you start to think "who wrote
+ this pile of trash" then I suggest you do step 2 again (and
+ again) till you calm down.</P
+><P
+>Then you might read the file DIAGNOSIS.txt and the
+ FAQ. If you are still stuck then try the mailing list or
+ newsgroup (look in the README for details). Samba has been
+ successfully installed at thousands of sites worldwide, so maybe
+ someone else has hit your problem and has overcome it. You could
+ also use the WWW site to scan back issues of the samba-digest.</P
+><P
+>When you fix the problem PLEASE send me some updates to the
+ documentation (or source code) so that the next person will find it
+ easier. </P
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN162"
+>Diagnosing Problems</A
+></H2
+><P
+>If you have instalation problems then go to
+ <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>DIAGNOSIS.txt</TT
+> to try to find the
+ problem.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN166"
+>Scope IDs</A
+></H2
+><P
+>By default Samba uses a blank scope ID. This means
+ all your windows boxes must also have a blank scope ID.
+ If you really want to use a non-blank scope ID then you will
+ need to use the -i &lt;scope&gt; option to nmbd, smbd, and
+ smbclient. All your PCs will need to have the same setting for
+ this to work. I do not recommend scope IDs.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN169"
+>Choosing the Protocol Level</A
+></H2
+><P
+>The SMB protocol has many dialects. Currently
+ Samba supports 5, called CORE, COREPLUS, LANMAN1,
+ LANMAN2 and NT1.</P
+><P
+>You can choose what maximum protocol to support
+ in the <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>smb.conf</TT
+> file. The default is
+ NT1 and that is the best for the vast majority of sites.</P
+><P
+>In older versions of Samba you may have found it
+ necessary to use COREPLUS. The limitations that led to
+ this have mostly been fixed. It is now less likely that you
+ will want to use less than LANMAN1. The only remaining advantage
+ of COREPLUS is that for some obscure reason WfWg preserves
+ the case of passwords in this protocol, whereas under LANMAN1,
+ LANMAN2 or NT1 it uppercases all passwords before sending them,
+ forcing you to use the "password level=" option in some cases.</P
+><P
+>The main advantage of LANMAN2 and NT1 is support for
+ long filenames with some clients (eg: smbclient, Windows NT
+ or Win95). </P
+><P
+>See the smb.conf(5) manual page for more details.</P
+><P
+>Note: To support print queue reporting you may find
+ that you have to use TCP/IP as the default protocol under
+ WfWg. For some reason if you leave Netbeui as the default
+ it may break the print queue reporting on some systems.
+ It is presumably a WfWg bug.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN178"
+>Printing from UNIX to a Client PC</A
+></H2
+><P
+>To use a printer that is available via a smb-based
+ server from a unix host you will need to compile the
+ smbclient program. You then need to install the script
+ "smbprint". Read the instruction in smbprint for more details.
+ </P
+><P
+>There is also a SYSV style script that does much
+ the same thing called smbprint.sysv. It contains instructions.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN182"
+>Locking</A
+></H2
+><P
+>One area which sometimes causes trouble is locking.</P
+><P
+>There are two types of locking which need to be
+ performed by a SMB server. The first is "record locking"
+ which allows a client to lock a range of bytes in a open file.
+ The second is the "deny modes" that are specified when a file
+ is open.</P
+><P
+>Samba supports "record locking" using the fcntl() unix system
+ call. This is often implemented using rpc calls to a rpc.lockd process
+ running on the system that owns the filesystem. Unfortunately many
+ rpc.lockd implementations are very buggy, particularly when made to
+ talk to versions from other vendors. It is not uncommon for the
+ rpc.lockd to crash.</P
+><P
+>There is also a problem translating the 32 bit lock
+ requests generated by PC clients to 31 bit requests supported
+ by most unixes. Unfortunately many PC applications (typically
+ OLE2 applications) use byte ranges with the top bit set
+ as semaphore sets. Samba attempts translation to support
+ these types of applications, and the translation has proved
+ to be quite successful.</P
+><P
+>Strictly a SMB server should check for locks before
+ every read and write call on a file. Unfortunately with the
+ way fcntl() works this can be slow and may overstress the
+ rpc.lockd. It is also almost always unnecessary as clients
+ are supposed to independently make locking calls before reads
+ and writes anyway if locking is important to them. By default
+ Samba only makes locking calls when explicitly asked
+ to by a client, but if you set "strict locking = yes" then it will
+ make lock checking calls on every read and write. </P
+><P
+>You can also disable by range locking completely
+ using "locking = no". This is useful for those shares that
+ don't support locking or don't need it (such as cdroms). In
+ this case Samba fakes the return codes of locking calls to
+ tell clients that everything is OK.</P
+><P
+>The second class of locking is the "deny modes". These
+ are set by an application when it opens a file to determine
+ what types of access should be allowed simultaneously with
+ its open. A client may ask for DENY_NONE, DENY_READ, DENY_WRITE
+ or DENY_ALL. There are also special compatability modes called
+ DENY_FCB and DENY_DOS.</P
+><P
+>You can disable share modes using "share modes = no".
+ This may be useful on a heavily loaded server as the share
+ modes code is very slow. See also the FAST_SHARE_MODES
+ option in the Makefile for a way to do full share modes
+ very fast using shared memory (if your OS supports it).</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN192"
+>Mapping Usernames</A
+></H2
+><P
+>If you have different usernames on the PCs and
+ the unix server then take a look at the "username map" option.
+ See the smb.conf man page for details.</P
+></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><HR><H2
+CLASS="SECT2"
+><A
+NAME="AEN195"
+>Other Character Sets</A
+></H2
+><P
+>If you have problems using filenames with accented
+ characters in them (like the German, French or Scandinavian
+ character sets) then I recommmend you look at the "valid chars"
+ option in smb.conf and also take a look at the validchars
+ package in the examples directory.</P
+></DIV
+></DIV
+></DIV
+></BODY
+></HTML
+> \ No newline at end of file