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authorJelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org>2003-08-13 06:07:10 +0000
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-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
-<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 12. Mapping MS Windows and Unix Groups</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="previous" href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 11. Account Information Databases"><link rel="next" href="AccessControls.html" title="Chapter 13. File, Directory and Share Access Controls"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 12. Mapping MS Windows and Unix Groups</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="passdb.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="AccessControls.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="groupmapping"></a>Chapter 12. Mapping MS Windows and Unix Groups</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jean François</span> <span class="surname">Micouleau</span></h3></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerald</span> <span class="othername">(Jerry)</span> <span class="surname">Carter</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jerry@samba.org">jerry@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email">&lt;<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>&gt;</tt></p></div></div></div></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916467">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916568">Discussion</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916756">Example Configuration</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916822">Configuration Scripts</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916836">Sample smb.conf add group script</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916903">Script to configure Group Mapping</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916977">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2916993">Adding Groups Fails</a></dt><dt><a href="groupmapping.html#id2917053">Adding MS Windows Groups to MS Windows Groups Fails</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
- Starting with Samba-3, new group mapping functionality is available to create associations
- between Windows group SIDs and UNIX groups. The <i class="parameter"><tt>groupmap</tt></i> subcommand
- included with the <span class="application">net</span> tool can be used to manage these associations.
- </p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>
- The first immediate reason to use the group mapping on a Samba PDC, is that
- the <i class="parameter"><tt>domain admin group</tt></i> has been removed and should no longer
- be specified in <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>. This parameter was used to give the listed users membership
- in the <tt class="constant">Domain Admins</tt> Windows group which gave local admin rights on their workstations
- (in default configurations).
- </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2916467"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Samba allows the administrator to create MS Windows NT4 / 200x group accounts and to
- arbitrarily associate them with Unix/Linux group accounts.
- </p><p>
- Group accounts can be managed using the MS Windows NT4 or MS Windows 200x MMC tools
- so long as appropriate interface scripts have been provided to <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt>.
- </p><p>
- Administrators should be aware that where <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> group interface scripts make
- direct calls to the Unix/Linux system tools (eg: the shadow utilities, <b class="command">groupadd</b>,
- <b class="command">groupdel</b>, <b class="command">groupmod</b>) then the resulting Unix/Linux group names will be subject
- to any limits imposed by these tools. If the tool does NOT allow upper case characters
- or space characters, then the creation of an MS Windows NT4 / 200x style group of
- <i class="parameter"><tt>Engineering Managers</tt></i> will attempt to create an identically named
- Unix/Linux group, an attempt that will of course fail!
- </p><p>
- There are several possible work-arounds for the operating system tools limitation. One
- method is to use a script that generates a name for the Unix/Linux system group that
- fits the operating system limits, and that then just passes the Unix/Linux group id (GID)
- back to the calling Samba interface. This will provide a dynamic work-around solution.
- </p><p>
- Another work-around is to manually create a Unix/Linux group, then manually create the
- MS Windows NT4 / 200x group on the Samba server and then use the <b class="command">net groupmap</b>
- tool to connect the two to each other.
- </p></div><div xmlns:ns27="" class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2916568"></a>Discussion</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- When installing <span class="application">MS Windows NT4 / 200x</span> on a computer, the installation
- program creates default users and groups, notably the <tt class="constant">Administrators</tt> group,
- and gives that group privileges necessary privileges to perform essential system tasks.
- eg: Ability to change the date and time or to kill (or close) any process running on the
- local machine.
- </p><p>
- The 'Administrator' user is a member of the 'Administrators' group, and thus inherits
- 'Administrators' group privileges. If a 'joe' user is created to be a member of the
- 'Administrator' group, 'joe' has exactly the same rights as 'Administrator'.
- </p><p>
- When an MS Windows NT4 / W200x is made a domain member, the &quot;Domain Admins&quot; group of the
- PDC is added to the local 'Administrators' group of the workstation. Every member of the
- 'Domain Administrators' group inherits the rights of the local 'Administrators' group when
- logging on the workstation.
- </p><p>
- The following steps describe how to make Samba PDC users members of the 'Domain Admins' group?
- </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p>
- create a unix group (usually in <tt class="filename">/etc/group</tt>), let's call it domadm
- </p></li><li xmlns:ns25=""><p>add to this group the users that must be Administrators. For example
- if you want joe, john and mary, your entry in <tt class="filename">/etc/group</tt> will
- look like:
- </p><pre class="programlisting">
- domadm:x:502:joe,john,mary
- </pre><ns25:p>
- </ns25:p></li><li xmlns:ns26=""><p>
- Map this domadm group to the &quot;Domain Admins&quot; group by running the command:
- </p><ns26:p>
- </ns26:p><pre class="screen">
- <tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap add ntgroup=&quot;Domain Admins&quot; unixgroup=domadm</tt></b>
- </pre><ns26:p>
- </ns26:p><p>
- The quotes around &quot;Domain Admins&quot; are necessary due to the space in the group name.
- Also make sure to leave no whitespace surrounding the equal character (=).
- </p></li></ol></div><p>
- Now joe, john and mary are domain administrators!
- </p><p>
- It is possible to map any arbitrary UNIX group to any Windows NT4 / 200x group as well as
- making any UNIX group a Windows domain group. For example, if you wanted to include a
- UNIX group (e.g. acct) in a ACL on a local file or printer on a domain member machine,
- you would flag that group as a domain group by running the following on the Samba PDC:
- </p><ns27:p>
- </ns27:p><pre class="screen">
- <tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap add rid=1000 ntgroup=&quot;Accounting&quot; unixgroup=acct</tt></b>
- </pre><ns27:p>
- </ns27:p><p>
- Be aware that the RID parameter is a unsigned 32 bit integer that should
- normally start at 1000. However, this rid must not overlap with any RID assigned
- to a user. Verifying this is done differently depending on on the passdb backend
- you are using. Future versions of the tools may perform the verification automatically,
- but for now the burden is on you.
- </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2916756"></a>Example Configuration</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- You can list the various groups in the mapping database by executing
- <b class="command">net groupmap list</b>. Here is an example:
- </p><ns27:p>
- </ns27:p><pre class="screen">
- <tt class="prompt">root# </tt> <b class="userinput"><tt>net groupmap list</tt></b>
- System Administrators (S-1-5-21-2547222302-1596225915-2414751004-1002) -&gt; sysadmin
- Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-2547222302-1596225915-2414751004-512) -&gt; domadmin
- Domain Users (S-1-5-21-2547222302-1596225915-2414751004-513) -&gt; domuser
- Domain Guests (S-1-5-21-2547222302-1596225915-2414751004-514) -&gt; domguest
- </pre><ns27:p>
- </ns27:p><p>
- For complete details on <b class="command">net groupmap</b>, refer to the net(8) man page.
- </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2916822"></a>Configuration Scripts</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Everyone needs tools. Some of us like to create our own, others prefer to use canned tools
- (ie: prepared by someone else for general use).
- </p><div xmlns:ns28="" class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2916836"></a>Sample <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> add group script</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- A script to great complying group names for use by the Samba group interfaces:
- </p><ns28:p>
-</ns28:p><div class="example"><a name="id2916858"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 12.1. smbgrpadd.sh</b></p><pre class="programlisting">
-
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Add the group using normal system groupadd tool.
-groupadd smbtmpgrp00
-
-thegid=`cat /etc/group | grep smbtmpgrp00 | cut -d &quot;:&quot; -f3`
-
-# Now change the name to what we want for the MS Windows networking end
-cp /etc/group /etc/group.bak
-cat /etc/group.bak | sed s/smbtmpgrp00/$1/g &gt; /etc/group
-
-# Now return the GID as would normally happen.
-echo $thegid
-exit 0
-</pre></div><ns28:p>
-</ns28:p><ns28:p>
- The <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> entry for the above script would look like:
- </ns28:p><pre class="programlisting">
- add group script = /path_to_tool/smbgrpadd.sh %g
- </pre><ns28:p>
- </ns28:p></div><div xmlns:ns29="" class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2916903"></a>Script to configure Group Mapping</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- In our example we have created a Unix/Linux group called <i class="parameter"><tt>ntadmin</tt></i>.
- Our script will create the additional groups <i class="parameter"><tt>Engineers, Marketoids, Gnomes</tt></i>:
- </p><ns29:p>
-</ns29:p><pre class="programlisting">
-#!/bin/bash
-
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Domain Admins&quot; unixgroup=ntadmin
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Domain Users&quot; unixgroup=users
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Domain Guests&quot; unixgroup=nobody
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Administrators&quot; unixgroup=root
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Users&quot; unixgroup=users
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Guests&quot; unixgroup=nobody
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;System Operators&quot; unixgroup=sys
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Account Operators&quot; unixgroup=root
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Backup Operators&quot; unixgroup=bin
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Print Operators&quot; unixgroup=lp
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Replicators&quot; unixgroup=daemon
-net groupmap modify ntgroup=&quot;Power Users&quot; unixgroup=sys
-
-#groupadd Engineers
-#groupadd Marketoids
-#groupadd Gnomes
-
-#net groupmap add ntgroup=&quot;Engineers&quot; unixgroup=Engineers type=d
-#net groupmap add ntgroup=&quot;Marketoids&quot; unixgroup=Marketoids type=d
-#net groupmap add ntgroup=&quot;Gnomes&quot; unixgroup=Gnomes type=d
-</pre><ns29:p>
-</ns29:p><p>
- Of course it is expected that the administrator will modify this to suit local needs.
- For information regarding the use of the <b class="command">net groupmap</b> tool please
- refer to the man page.
- </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2916977"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>
-At this time there are many little surprises for the unwary administrator. In a real sense
-it is imperative that every step of automated control scripts must be carefully tested
-manually before putting them into active service.
-</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2916993"></a>Adding Groups Fails</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- This is a common problem when the <b class="command">groupadd</b> is called directly
- by the Samba interface script for the <i class="parameter"><tt>add group script</tt></i> in
- the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file.
- </p><p>
- The most common cause of failure is an attempt to add an MS Windows group account
- that has either an upper case character and/or a space character in it.
- </p><p>
- There are three possible work-arounds. Firstly, use only group names that comply
- with the limitations of the Unix/Linux <b class="command">groupadd</b> system tool.
- The second involves use of the script mentioned earlier in this chapter, and the
- third option is to manually create a Unix/Linux group account that can substitute
- for the MS Windows group name, then use the procedure listed above to map that group
- to the MS Windows group.
- </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2917053"></a>Adding MS Windows Groups to MS Windows Groups Fails</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p>
- Samba-3 does NOT support nested groups from the MS Windows control environment.
- </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="passdb.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="optional.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="AccessControls.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 11. Account Information Databases </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 13. File, Directory and Share Access Controls</td></tr></table></div></body></html>