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| author | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-09-23 21:15:41 +0000 |
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| committer | Jelmer Vernooij <jelmer@samba.org> | 2003-09-23 21:15:41 +0000 |
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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html b/docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html deleted file mode 100644 index 73971d2a72..0000000000 --- a/docs/htmldocs/integrate-ms-networks.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,415 +0,0 @@ -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 26. Integrating MS Windows networks with Samba</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="samba-doc.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="previous" href="pam.html" title="Chapter 25. PAM based Distributed Authentication"><link rel="next" href="unicode.html" title="Chapter 27. Unicode/Charsets"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 26. Integrating MS Windows networks with Samba</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pam.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="unicode.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="integrate-ms-networks"></a>Chapter 26. Integrating MS Windows networks with Samba</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate"> (Jan 01 2001) </p></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2951812">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2951838">Background Information</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2951903">Name Resolution in a pure UNIX/Linux world</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2951960">/etc/hosts</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952110">/etc/resolv.conf</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952153">/etc/host.conf</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952204">/etc/nsswitch.conf</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952319">Name resolution as used within MS Windows networking</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952629">The NetBIOS Name Cache</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952692">The LMHOSTS file</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952854">HOSTS file</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952886">DNS Lookup</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2952918">WINS Lookup</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2953036">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2953052">Pinging works only in one way</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2953086">Very Slow Network Connections</a></dt><dt><a href="integrate-ms-networks.html#id2953137">Samba server name change problem</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2951782"></a><p> -This section deals with NetBIOS over TCP/IP name to IP address resolution. If -your MS Windows clients are NOT configured to use NetBIOS over TCP/IP then this -section does not apply to your installation. If your installation involves use of -NetBIOS over TCP/IP then this section may help you to resolve networking problems. -</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> - NetBIOS over TCP/IP has nothing to do with NetBEUI. NetBEUI is NetBIOS - over Logical Link Control (LLC). On modern networks it is highly advised - to NOT run NetBEUI at all. Note also that there is NO such thing as - NetBEUI over TCP/IP - the existence of such a protocol is a complete - and utter mis-apprehension. -</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2951812"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> -Many MS Windows network administrators have never been exposed to basic TCP/IP -networking as it is implemented in a UNIX/Linux operating system. Likewise, many UNIX and -Linux administrators have not been exposed to the intricacies of MS Windows TCP/IP based -networking (and may have no desire to be either). -</p><p> -This chapter gives a short introduction to the basics of how a name can be resolved to -it's IP address for each operating system environment. -</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2951838"></a>Background Information</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> -Since the introduction of MS Windows 2000 it is possible to run MS Windows networking -without the use of NetBIOS over TCP/IP. NetBIOS over TCP/IP uses UDP port 137 for NetBIOS -name resolution and uses TCP port 139 for NetBIOS session services. When NetBIOS over -TCP/IP is disabled on MS Windows 2000 and later clients then only TCP port 445 will be -used and UDP port 137 and TCP port 139 will not. -</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> -When using Windows 2000 or later clients, if NetBIOS over TCP/IP is NOT disabled, then -the client will use UDP port 137 (NetBIOS Name Service, also known as the Windows Internet -Name Service or WINS), TCP port 139 AND TCP port 445 (for actual file and print traffic). -</p></div><p> -When NetBIOS over TCP/IP is disabled the use of DNS is essential. Most installations that -disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP today use MS Active Directory Service (ADS). ADS requires -<a class="indexterm" name="id2951878"></a> -Dynamic DNS with Service Resource Records (SRV RR) and with Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR). -<a class="indexterm" name="id2951891"></a> -Use of DHCP with ADS is recommended as a further means of maintaining central control -over client workstation network configuration. -</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2951903"></a>Name Resolution in a pure UNIX/Linux world</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> -The key configuration files covered in this section are: -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt></p></li><li><p><tt class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</tt></p></li><li><p><tt class="filename">/etc/host.conf</tt></p></li><li><p><tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt></p></li></ul></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2951960"></a><tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt></h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> -Contains a static list of IP addresses and names. -eg: -</p><pre class="programlisting"> -127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain -192.168.1.1 bigbox.caldera.com bigbox alias4box -</pre><p> -The purpose of <tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt> is to provide a -name resolution mechanism so that uses do not need to remember -IP addresses. -</p><p> -Network packets that are sent over the physical network transport -layer communicate not via IP addresses but rather using the Media -Access Control address, or MAC address. IP addresses are currently -32 bits in length and are typically presented as four (4) decimal -numbers that are separated by a dot (or period). eg: 168.192.1.1. -</p><a class="indexterm" name="id2952009"></a><p> -MAC Addresses use 48 bits (or 6 bytes) and are typically represented -as two digit hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. eg: -40:8e:0a:12:34:56 -</p><p> -Every network interface must have an MAC address. Associated with -a MAC address there may be one or more IP addresses. There is NO -relationship between an IP address and a MAC address, all such assignments -are arbitrary or discretionary in nature. At the most basic level all -network communications takes place using MAC addressing. Since MAC -addresses must be globally unique, and generally remains fixed for -any particular interface, the assignment of an IP address makes sense -from a network management perspective. More than one IP address can -be assigned per MAC address. One address must be the primary IP address, -this is the address that will be returned in the ARP reply. -</p><p> -When a user or a process wants to communicate with another machine -the protocol implementation ensures that the "machine name" or "host -name" is resolved to an IP address in a manner that is controlled -by the TCP/IP configuration control files. The file -<tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt> is one such file. -</p><p> -When the IP address of the destination interface has been -determined a protocol called ARP/RARP is used to identify -the MAC address of the target interface. ARP stands for Address -Resolution Protocol, and is a broadcast oriented method that -uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol) to send a request to all -interfaces on the local network segment using the all 1's MAC -address. Network interfaces are programmed to respond to two -MAC addresses only; their own unique address and the address -ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff. The reply packet from an ARP request will -contain the MAC address and the primary IP address for each -interface. -</p><a class="indexterm" name="id2952082"></a><p> -The <tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt> file is foundational to all -UNIX/Linux TCP/IP installations and as a minimum will contain -the localhost and local network interface IP addresses and the -primary names by which they are known within the local machine. -This file helps to prime the pump so that a basic level of name -resolution can exist before any other method of name resolution -becomes available. -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952110"></a><tt class="filename">/etc/resolv.conf</tt></h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> -This file tells the name resolution libraries: -</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>The name of the domain to which the machine - belongs - </p></li><li><p>The name(s) of any domains that should be - automatically searched when trying to resolve unqualified - host names to their IP address - </p></li><li><p>The name or IP address of available Domain - Name Servers that may be asked to perform name to address - translation lookups - </p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952153"></a><tt class="filename">/etc/host.conf</tt></h3></div></div><div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2952165"></a><p> -<tt class="filename">/etc/host.conf</tt> is the primary means by -which the setting in /etc/resolv.conf may be affected. It is a -critical configuration file. This file controls the order by -which name resolution may proceed. The typical structure is: -</p><pre class="programlisting"> -order hosts,bind -multi on -</pre><p> -then both addresses should be returned. Please refer to the -man page for host.conf for further details. -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952204"></a><tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt></h3></div></div><div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2952216"></a><p> -This file controls the actual name resolution targets. The -file typically has resolver object specifications as follows: -</p><pre class="programlisting"> -# /etc/nsswitch.conf -# -# Name Service Switch configuration file. -# - -passwd: compat -# Alternative entries for password authentication are: -# passwd: compat files nis ldap winbind -shadow: compat -group: compat - -hosts: files nis dns -# Alternative entries for host name resolution are: -# hosts: files dns nis nis+ hesiod db compat ldap wins -networks: nis files dns - -ethers: nis files -protocols: nis files -rpc: nis files -services: nis files -</pre><p> -Of course, each of these mechanisms requires that the appropriate -facilities and/or services are correctly configured. -</p><p> -It should be noted that unless a network request/message must be -sent, TCP/IP networks are silent. All TCP/IP communications assumes a -principal of speaking only when necessary. -</p><a class="indexterm" name="id2952270"></a><p> -Starting with version 2.2.0 samba has Linux support for extensions to -the name service switch infrastructure so that linux clients will -be able to obtain resolution of MS Windows NetBIOS names to IP -Addresses. To gain this functionality Samba needs to be compiled -with appropriate arguments to the make command (i.e.: <b class="userinput"><tt>make -nsswitch/libnss_wins.so</tt></b>). The resulting library should -then be installed in the <tt class="filename">/lib</tt> directory and -the "wins" parameter needs to be added to the "hosts:" line in -the <tt class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt> file. At this point it -will be possible to ping any MS Windows machine by its NetBIOS -machine name, so long as that machine is within the workgroup to -which both the samba machine and the MS Windows machine belong. -</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2952319"></a>Name resolution as used within MS Windows networking</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> -MS Windows networking is predicated about the name each machine -is given. This name is known variously (and inconsistently) as -the "computer name", "machine name", "networking name", "netbios name", -or "SMB name". All terms mean the same thing with the exception of -"netbios name" which can apply also to the name of the workgroup or the -domain name. The terms "workgroup" and "domain" are really just a -simple name with which the machine is associated. All NetBIOS names -are exactly 16 characters in length. The 16th character is reserved. -It is used to store a one byte value that indicates service level -information for the NetBIOS name that is registered. A NetBIOS machine -name is therefore registered for each service type that is provided by -the client/server. -</p><p> -The following are typical NetBIOS name/service type registrations: -</p><div class="table"><a name="id2952372"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 26.1. Unique NetBIOS names</b></p><table summary="Unique NetBIOS names" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">MACHINENAME<00></td><td align="justify">Server Service is running on MACHINENAME</td></tr><tr><td align="left">MACHINENAME<03></td><td align="justify">Generic Machine Name (NetBIOS name)</td></tr><tr><td align="left">MACHINENAME<20></td><td align="justify">LanMan Server service is running on MACHINENAME</td></tr><tr><td align="left">WORKGROUP<1b></td><td align="justify">Domain Master Browser</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="table"><a name="id2952442"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 26.2. Group Names</b></p><table summary="Group Names" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="left">WORKGROUP<03></td><td align="justify">Generic Name registered by all members of WORKGROUP</td></tr><tr><td align="left">WORKGROUP<1c></td><td align="justify">Domain Controllers / Netlogon Servers</td></tr><tr><td align="left">WORKGROUP<1d></td><td align="justify">Local Master Browsers</td></tr><tr><td align="left">WORKGROUP<1e></td><td align="justify">Internet Name Resolvers</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> -<a class="indexterm" name="id2952514"></a> -It should be noted that all NetBIOS machines register their own -names as per the above. This is in vast contrast to TCP/IP -installations where traditionally the system administrator will -determine in the /etc/hosts or in the DNS database what names -are associated with each IP address. -</p><a class="indexterm" name="id2952529"></a><p> -One further point of clarification should be noted, the <tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt> -file and the DNS records do not provide the NetBIOS name type information -that MS Windows clients depend on to locate the type of service that may -be needed. An example of this is what happens when an MS Windows client -wants to locate a domain logon server. It finds this service and the IP -address of a server that provides it by performing a lookup (via a -NetBIOS broadcast) for enumeration of all machines that have -registered the name type *<1c>. A logon request is then sent to each -IP address that is returned in the enumerated list of IP addresses. -Whichever machine first replies then ends up providing the logon services. -</p><p> -The name "workgroup" or "domain" really can be confusing since these -have the added significance of indicating what is the security -architecture of the MS Windows network. The term "workgroup" indicates -that the primary nature of the network environment is that of a -peer-to-peer design. In a WORKGROUP all machines are responsible for -their own security, and generally such security is limited to use of -just a password (known as SHARE MODE security). In most situations -with peer-to-peer networking the users who control their own machines -will simply opt to have no security at all. It is possible to have -USER MODE security in a WORKGROUP environment, thus requiring use -of a user name and a matching password. -</p><p> -MS Windows networking is thus predetermined to use machine names -for all local and remote machine message passing. The protocol used is -called Server Message Block (SMB) and this is implemented using -the NetBIOS protocol (Network Basic Input Output System). NetBIOS can -be encapsulated using LLC (Logical Link Control) protocol - in which case -the resulting protocol is called NetBEUI (Network Basic Extended User -Interface). NetBIOS can also be run over IPX (Internetworking Packet -Exchange) protocol as used by Novell NetWare, and it can be run -over TCP/IP protocols - in which case the resulting protocol is called -NBT or NetBT, the NetBIOS over TCP/IP. -</p><p> -MS Windows machines use a complex array of name resolution mechanisms. -Since we are primarily concerned with TCP/IP this demonstration is -limited to this area. -</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952629"></a>The NetBIOS Name Cache</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> -All MS Windows machines employ an in memory buffer in which is -stored the NetBIOS names and IP addresses for all external -machines that that machine has communicated with over the -past 10-15 minutes. It is more efficient to obtain an IP address -for a machine from the local cache than it is to go through all the -configured name resolution mechanisms. -</p><p> -If a machine whose name is in the local name cache has been shut -down before the name had been expired and flushed from the cache, then -an attempt to exchange a message with that machine will be subject -to time-out delays. i.e.: Its name is in the cache, so a name resolution -lookup will succeed, but the machine can not respond. This can be -frustrating for users - but it is a characteristic of the protocol. -</p><a class="indexterm" name="id2952661"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2952669"></a><p> -The MS Windows utility that allows examination of the NetBIOS -name cache is called "nbtstat". The Samba equivalent of this -is called <b class="command">nmblookup</b>. -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952692"></a>The LMHOSTS file</h3></div></div><div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2952700"></a><p> -This file is usually located in MS Windows NT 4.0 or -2000 in <tt class="filename">C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC</tt> and contains -the IP Address and the machine name in matched pairs. The -<tt class="filename">LMHOSTS</tt> file performs NetBIOS name -to IP address mapping. -</p><p> -It typically looks like: -</p><pre class="programlisting"> -# Copyright (c) 1998 Microsoft Corp. -# -# This is a sample LMHOSTS file used by the Microsoft Wins Client (NetBIOS -# over TCP/IP) stack for Windows98 -# -# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to NT computernames -# (NetBIOS) names. Each entry should be kept on an individual line. -# The IP address should be placed in the first column followed by the -# corresponding computername. The address and the computername -# should be separated by at least one space or tab. The "#" character -# is generally used to denote the start of a comment (see the exceptions -# below). -# -# This file is compatible with Microsoft LAN Manager 2.x TCP/IP lmhosts -# files and offers the following extensions: -# -# #PRE -# #DOM:<domain> -# #INCLUDE <filename> -# #BEGIN_ALTERNATE -# #END_ALTERNATE -# \0xnn (non-printing character support) -# -# Following any entry in the file with the characters "#PRE" will cause -# the entry to be preloaded into the name cache. By default, entries are -# not preloaded, but are parsed only after dynamic name resolution fails. -# -# Following an entry with the "#DOM:<domain>" tag will associate the -# entry with the domain specified by <domain>. This affects how the -# browser and logon services behave in TCP/IP environments. To preload -# the host name associated with #DOM entry, it is necessary to also add a -# #PRE to the line. The <domain> is always preloaded although it will not -# be shown when the name cache is viewed. -# -# Specifying "#INCLUDE <filename>" will force the RFC NetBIOS (NBT) -# software to seek the specified <filename> and parse it as if it were -# local. <filename> is generally a UNC-based name, allowing a -# centralized lmhosts file to be maintained on a server. -# It is ALWAYS necessary to provide a mapping for the IP address of the -# server prior to the #INCLUDE. This mapping must use the #PRE directive. -# In addition the share "public" in the example below must be in the -# LanManServer list of "NullSessionShares" in order for client machines to -# be able to read the lmhosts file successfully. This key is under -# \machine\system\currentcontrolset\services\lanmanserver\ -# parameters\nullsessionshares -# in the registry. Simply add "public" to the list found there. -# -# The #BEGIN_ and #END_ALTERNATE keywords allow multiple #INCLUDE -# statements to be grouped together. Any single successful include -# will cause the group to succeed. -# -# Finally, non-printing characters can be embedded in mappings by -# first surrounding the NetBIOS name in quotations, then using the -# \0xnn notation to specify a hex value for a non-printing character. -# -# The following example illustrates all of these extensions: -# -# 102.54.94.97 rhino #PRE #DOM:networking #net group's DC -# 102.54.94.102 "appname \0x14" #special app server -# 102.54.94.123 popular #PRE #source server -# 102.54.94.117 localsrv #PRE #needed for the include -# -# #BEGIN_ALTERNATE -# #INCLUDE \\localsrv\public\lmhosts -# #INCLUDE \\rhino\public\lmhosts -# #END_ALTERNATE -# -# In the above example, the "appname" server contains a special -# character in its name, the "popular" and "localsrv" server names are -# preloaded, and the "rhino" server name is specified so it can be used -# to later #INCLUDE a centrally maintained lmhosts file if the "localsrv" -# system is unavailable. -# -# Note that the whole file is parsed including comments on each lookup, -# so keeping the number of comments to a minimum will improve performance. -# Therefore it is not advisable to simply add lmhosts file entries onto the -# end of this file. -</pre></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952854"></a>HOSTS file</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> -This file is usually located in MS Windows NT 4.0 or 2000 in -<tt class="filename">C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC</tt> and contains -the IP Address and the IP hostname in matched pairs. It can be -used by the name resolution infrastructure in MS Windows, depending -on how the TCP/IP environment is configured. This file is in -every way the equivalent of the UNIX/Linux <tt class="filename">/etc/hosts</tt> file. -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952886"></a>DNS Lookup</h3></div></div><div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2952894"></a><p> -This capability is configured in the TCP/IP setup area in the network -configuration facility. If enabled, an elaborate name resolution sequence -is followed the precise nature of which is dependant on how the NetBIOS -Node Type parameter is configured. A Node Type of 0 means that -NetBIOS broadcast (over UDP broadcast) is used if the name -that is the subject of a name lookup is not found in the NetBIOS name -cache. If that fails then DNS, HOSTS and LMHOSTS are checked. If set to -Node Type 8, then a NetBIOS Unicast (over UDP Unicast) is sent to the -WINS Server to obtain a lookup before DNS, HOSTS, LMHOSTS, or broadcast -lookup is used. -</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2952918"></a>WINS Lookup</h3></div></div><div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2952927"></a><p> -A WINS (Windows Internet Name Server) service is the equivalent of the -rfc1001/1002 specified NBNS (NetBIOS Name Server). A WINS server stores -the names and IP addresses that are registered by a Windows client -if the TCP/IP setup has been given at least one WINS Server IP Address. -</p><p> -To configure Samba to be a WINS server the following parameter needs -to be added to the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file: -</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>wins support = Yes</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> -To configure Samba to use a WINS server the following parameters are -needed in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file: -</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>wins support = No</tt></i></td></tr><tr><td><i class="parameter"><tt>wins server = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</tt></i></td></tr></table><p> -where <i class="replaceable"><tt>xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx</tt></i> is the IP address -of the WINS server. -</p><p>For information about setting up Samba as a WINS server, read - <a href="NetworkBrowsing.html" title="Chapter 10. Samba / MS Windows Network Browsing Guide">the chapter on network browsing</a>.</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2953036"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> -TCP/IP network configuration problems find every network administrator sooner or later. -The cause can be anything from keyboard mishaps, forgetfulness, simple mistakes, and -carelessness. Of course, no one is every deliberately careless! -</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2953052"></a>Pinging works only in one way</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> - “<span class="quote">I can ping my samba server from Windows, but I can - not ping my Windows machine from the samba server.</span>” - </p><p> - The Windows machine was at IP Address 192.168.1.2 with netmask 255.255.255.0, the - Samba server (Linux) was at IP Address 192.168.1.130 with netmask 255.255.255.128. - The machines were on a local network with no external connections. - </p><p> - Due to inconsistent netmasks, the Windows machine was on network 192.168.1.0/24, while - the Samba server was on network 192.168.1.128/25 - logically a different network. - </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2953086"></a>Very Slow Network Connections</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> - A common causes of slow network response includes: - </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Client is configured to use DNS and DNS server is down</p></li><li><p>Client is configured to use remote DNS server, but remote connection is down</p></li><li><p>Client is configured to use a WINS server, but there is no WINS server</p></li><li><p>Client is NOT configured to use a WINS server, but there is a WINS server</p></li><li><p>Firewall is filtering our DNS or WINS traffic</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2953137"></a>Samba server name change problem</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> - “<span class="quote">The name of the samba server was changed, samba was restarted, samba server can not be - pinged by new name from MS Windows NT4 Workstation, but it does still respond to ping using - the old name. Why?</span>” - </p><p> - From this description three (3) things are rather obvious: - </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>WINS is NOT in use, only broadcast based name resolution is used</p></li><li><p>The samba server was renamed and restarted within the last 10-15 minutes</p></li><li><p>The old samba server name is still in the NetBIOS name cache on the MS Windows NT4 Workstation</p></li></ul></div><p> - To find what names are present in the NetBIOS name cache on the MS Windows NT4 machine, - open a cmd shell, then: - </p><p> -</p><pre class="screen"> -<tt class="prompt">C:\> </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>nbtstat -n</tt></b> - - NetBIOS Local Name Table - - Name Type Status ------------------------------------------------- -FRODO <03> UNIQUE Registered -ADMINSTRATOR <03> UNIQUE Registered -FRODO <00> UNIQUE Registered -SARDON <00> GROUP Registered -FRODO <20> UNIQUE Registered -FRODO <1F> UNIQUE Registered - - -<tt class="prompt">C:\> </tt>nbtstat -c - - NetBIOS Remote Cache Name Table - - Name Type Host Address Life [sec] --------------------------------------------------------------- -GANDALF <20> UNIQUE 192.168.1.1 240 - -<tt class="prompt">C:\> </tt> -</pre><p> - </p><p> - In the above example, GANDALF is the Samba server and FRODO is the MS Windows NT4 Workstation. - The first listing shows the contents of the Local Name Table (i.e.: Identity information on - the MS Windows workstation), the second shows the NetBIOS name in the NetBIOS name cache. - The name cache contains the remote machines known to this workstation. - </p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pam.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="optional.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="unicode.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 25. 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