nsswitch: Move source3 files to top level dir.

Don't move source4 files yet to not confuse git's rename tracking too much.

1 files changed, 3204 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/nsswitch/pam_winbind.c b/nsswitch/pam_winbind.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d049bdb1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nsswitch/pam_winbind.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3204 @@
+/* pam_winbind module
+
+   Copyright Andrew Tridgell <tridge@samba.org> 2000
+   Copyright Tim Potter <tpot@samba.org> 2000
+   Copyright Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org> 2002
+   Copyright Guenther Deschner <gd@samba.org> 2005-2008
+
+   largely based on pam_userdb by Cristian Gafton <gafton@redhat.com> also
+   contains large slabs of code from pam_unix by Elliot Lee
+   <sopwith@redhat.com> (see copyright below for full details)
+*/
+
+#include "pam_winbind.h"
+
+static int wbc_error_to_pam_error(wbcErr status)
+{
+	switch (status) {
+		case WBC_ERR_SUCCESS:
+			return PAM_SUCCESS;
+		case WBC_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:
+			return PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+		case WBC_ERR_UNKNOWN_FAILURE:
+			break;
+		case WBC_ERR_NO_MEMORY:
+			return PAM_BUF_ERR;
+		case WBC_ERR_INVALID_SID:
+		case WBC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM:
+			break;
+		case WBC_ERR_WINBIND_NOT_AVAILABLE:
+			return PAM_AUTHINFO_UNAVAIL;
+		case WBC_ERR_DOMAIN_NOT_FOUND:
+			return PAM_AUTHINFO_UNAVAIL;
+		case WBC_ERR_INVALID_RESPONSE:
+			return PAM_BUF_ERR;
+		case WBC_ERR_NSS_ERROR:
+			return PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+		case WBC_ERR_AUTH_ERROR:
+			return PAM_AUTH_ERR;
+		case WBC_ERR_UNKNOWN_USER:
+			return PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+		case WBC_ERR_UNKNOWN_GROUP:
+			return PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+		case WBC_ERR_PWD_CHANGE_FAILED:
+			break;
+	}
+
+	/* be paranoid */
+	return PAM_AUTH_ERR;
+}
+
+static const char *_pam_error_code_str(int err)
+{
+	switch (err) {
+		case PAM_SUCCESS:
+			return "PAM_SUCCESS";
+		case PAM_OPEN_ERR:
+			return "PAM_OPEN_ERR";
+		case PAM_SYMBOL_ERR:
+			return "PAM_SYMBOL_ERR";
+		case PAM_SERVICE_ERR:
+			return "PAM_SERVICE_ERR";
+		case PAM_SYSTEM_ERR:
+			return "PAM_SYSTEM_ERR";
+		case PAM_BUF_ERR:
+			return "PAM_BUF_ERR";
+		case PAM_PERM_DENIED:
+			return "PAM_PERM_DENIED";
+		case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
+			return "PAM_AUTH_ERR";
+		case PAM_CRED_INSUFFICIENT:
+			return "PAM_CRED_INSUFFICIENT";
+		case PAM_AUTHINFO_UNAVAIL:
+			return "PAM_AUTHINFO_UNAVAIL";
+		case PAM_USER_UNKNOWN:
+			return "PAM_USER_UNKNOWN";
+		case PAM_MAXTRIES:
+			return "PAM_MAXTRIES";
+		case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
+			return "PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD";
+		case PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED:
+			return "PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED";
+		case PAM_SESSION_ERR:
+			return "PAM_SESSION_ERR";
+		case PAM_CRED_UNAVAIL:
+			return "PAM_CRED_UNAVAIL";
+		case PAM_CRED_EXPIRED:
+			return "PAM_CRED_EXPIRED";
+		case PAM_CRED_ERR:
+			return "PAM_CRED_ERR";
+		case PAM_NO_MODULE_DATA:
+			return "PAM_NO_MODULE_DATA";
+		case PAM_CONV_ERR:
+			return "PAM_CONV_ERR";
+		case PAM_AUTHTOK_ERR:
+			return "PAM_AUTHTOK_ERR";
+		case PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVER_ERR:
+			return "PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVER_ERR";
+		case PAM_AUTHTOK_LOCK_BUSY:
+			return "PAM_AUTHTOK_LOCK_BUSY";
+		case PAM_AUTHTOK_DISABLE_AGING:
+			return "PAM_AUTHTOK_DISABLE_AGING";
+		case PAM_TRY_AGAIN:
+			return "PAM_TRY_AGAIN";
+		case PAM_IGNORE:
+			return "PAM_IGNORE";
+		case PAM_ABORT:
+			return "PAM_ABORT";
+		case PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED:
+			return "PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED";
+#ifdef PAM_MODULE_UNKNOWN
+		case PAM_MODULE_UNKNOWN:
+			return "PAM_MODULE_UNKNOWN";
+#endif
+#ifdef PAM_BAD_ITEM
+		case PAM_BAD_ITEM:
+			return "PAM_BAD_ITEM";
+#endif
+#ifdef PAM_CONV_AGAIN
+		case PAM_CONV_AGAIN:
+			return "PAM_CONV_AGAIN";
+#endif
+#ifdef PAM_INCOMPLETE
+		case PAM_INCOMPLETE:
+			return "PAM_INCOMPLETE";
+#endif
+		default:
+			return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+#define _PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER(function, ctx) \
+	do { \
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "[pamh: %p] ENTER: " \
+			       function " (flags: 0x%04x)", ctx->pamh, ctx->flags); \
+		_pam_log_state(ctx); \
+	} while (0)
+
+#define _PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE(function, ctx, retval) \
+	do { \
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "[pamh: %p] LEAVE: " \
+			       function " returning %d (%s)", ctx->pamh, retval, \
+			       _pam_error_code_str(retval)); \
+		_pam_log_state(ctx); \
+	} while (0)
+
+/* data tokens */
+
+#define MAX_PASSWD_TRIES	3
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GETTEXT
+static char initialized = 0;
+
+static inline void textdomain_init(void);
+static inline void textdomain_init(void)
+{
+	if (!initialized) {
+		bindtextdomain(MODULE_NAME, dyn_LOCALEDIR);
+		initialized = 1;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * Work around the pam API that has functions with void ** as parameters
+ * These lead to strict aliasing warnings with gcc.
+ */
+static int _pam_get_item(const pam_handle_t *pamh,
+			 int item_type,
+			 const void *_item)
+{
+	const void **item = (const void **)_item;
+	return pam_get_item(pamh, item_type, item);
+}
+static int _pam_get_data(const pam_handle_t *pamh,
+			 const char *module_data_name,
+			 const void *_data)
+{
+	const void **data = (const void **)_data;
+	return pam_get_data(pamh, module_data_name, data);
+}
+
+/* some syslogging */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_PAM_VSYSLOG
+static void _pam_log_int(const pam_handle_t *pamh,
+			 int err,
+			 const char *format,
+			 va_list args)
+{
+	pam_vsyslog(pamh, err, format, args);
+}
+#else
+static void _pam_log_int(const pam_handle_t *pamh,
+			 int err,
+			 const char *format,
+			 va_list args)
+{
+	char *format2 = NULL;
+	const char *service;
+
+	_pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_SERVICE, &service);
+
+	format2 = (char *)malloc(strlen(MODULE_NAME)+strlen(format)+strlen(service)+5);
+	if (format2 == NULL) {
+		/* what else todo ? */
+		vsyslog(err, format, args);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	sprintf(format2, "%s(%s): %s", MODULE_NAME, service, format);
+	vsyslog(err, format2, args);
+	SAFE_FREE(format2);
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_PAM_VSYSLOG */
+
+static bool _pam_log_is_silent(int ctrl)
+{
+	return on(ctrl, WINBIND_SILENT);
+}
+
+static void _pam_log(struct pwb_context *r, int err, const char *format, ...) PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(3,4);
+static void _pam_log(struct pwb_context *r, int err, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+
+	if (_pam_log_is_silent(r->ctrl)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	va_start(args, format);
+	_pam_log_int(r->pamh, err, format, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
+static void __pam_log(const pam_handle_t *pamh, int ctrl, int err, const char *format, ...) PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(4,5);
+static void __pam_log(const pam_handle_t *pamh, int ctrl, int err, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+
+	if (_pam_log_is_silent(ctrl)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	va_start(args, format);
+	_pam_log_int(pamh, err, format, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
+
+static bool _pam_log_is_debug_enabled(int ctrl)
+{
+	if (ctrl == -1) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (_pam_log_is_silent(ctrl)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (!(ctrl & WINBIND_DEBUG_ARG)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool _pam_log_is_debug_state_enabled(int ctrl)
+{
+	if (!(ctrl & WINBIND_DEBUG_STATE)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return _pam_log_is_debug_enabled(ctrl);
+}
+
+static void _pam_log_debug(struct pwb_context *r, int err, const char *format, ...) PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(3,4);
+static void _pam_log_debug(struct pwb_context *r, int err, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+
+	if (!_pam_log_is_debug_enabled(r->ctrl)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	va_start(args, format);
+	_pam_log_int(r->pamh, err, format, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
+static void __pam_log_debug(const pam_handle_t *pamh, int ctrl, int err, const char *format, ...) PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(4,5);
+static void __pam_log_debug(const pam_handle_t *pamh, int ctrl, int err, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+
+	if (!_pam_log_is_debug_enabled(ctrl)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	va_start(args, format);
+	_pam_log_int(pamh, err, format, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
+
+static void _pam_log_state_datum(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				 int item_type,
+				 const char *key,
+				 int is_string)
+{
+	const void *data = NULL;
+	if (item_type != 0) {
+		pam_get_item(ctx->pamh, item_type, &data);
+	} else {
+		pam_get_data(ctx->pamh, key, &data);
+	}
+	if (data != NULL) {
+		const char *type = (item_type != 0) ? "ITEM" : "DATA";
+		if (is_string != 0) {
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+				       "[pamh: %p] STATE: %s(%s) = \"%s\" (%p)",
+				       ctx->pamh, type, key, (const char *)data,
+				       data);
+		} else {
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+				       "[pamh: %p] STATE: %s(%s) = %p",
+				       ctx->pamh, type, key, data);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#define _PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_POINTER(ctx, module_data_name) \
+	_pam_log_state_datum(ctx, 0, module_data_name, 0)
+
+#define _PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_STRING(ctx, module_data_name) \
+	_pam_log_state_datum(ctx, 0, module_data_name, 1)
+
+#define _PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_POINTER(ctx, item_type) \
+	_pam_log_state_datum(ctx, item_type, #item_type, 0)
+
+#define _PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_STRING(ctx, item_type) \
+	_pam_log_state_datum(ctx, item_type, #item_type, 1)
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_PASSWORD
+#define _LOG_PASSWORD_AS_STRING 1
+#else
+#define _LOG_PASSWORD_AS_STRING 0
+#endif
+
+#define _PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_PASSWORD(ctx, item_type) \
+	_pam_log_state_datum(ctx, item_type, #item_type, \
+			     _LOG_PASSWORD_AS_STRING)
+
+static void _pam_log_state(struct pwb_context *ctx)
+{
+	if (!_pam_log_is_debug_state_enabled(ctx->ctrl)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_STRING(ctx, PAM_SERVICE);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_STRING(ctx, PAM_USER);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_STRING(ctx, PAM_TTY);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_STRING(ctx, PAM_RHOST);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_STRING(ctx, PAM_RUSER);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_PASSWORD(ctx, PAM_OLDAUTHTOK);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_PASSWORD(ctx, PAM_AUTHTOK);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_STRING(ctx, PAM_USER_PROMPT);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_POINTER(ctx, PAM_CONV);
+#ifdef PAM_FAIL_DELAY
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_POINTER(ctx, PAM_FAIL_DELAY);
+#endif
+#ifdef PAM_REPOSITORY
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_ITEM_POINTER(ctx, PAM_REPOSITORY);
+#endif
+
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_STRING(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_HOMEDIR);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_STRING(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_LOGONSCRIPT);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_STRING(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_LOGONSERVER);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_STRING(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_PROFILEPATH);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_STRING(ctx,
+				   PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD);
+				   /* Use atoi to get PAM result code */
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_STRING(ctx,
+				   PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD_DURING_AUTH);
+	_PAM_LOG_STATE_DATA_POINTER(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_PWD_LAST_SET);
+}
+
+static int _pam_parse(const pam_handle_t *pamh,
+		      int flags,
+		      int argc,
+		      const char **argv,
+		      dictionary **result_d)
+{
+	int ctrl = 0;
+	const char *config_file = NULL;
+	int i;
+	const char **v;
+	dictionary *d = NULL;
+
+	if (flags & PAM_SILENT) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_SILENT;
+	}
+
+	for (i=argc,v=argv; i-- > 0; ++v) {
+		if (!strncasecmp(*v, "config", strlen("config"))) {
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_CONFIG_FILE;
+			config_file = v[i];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (config_file == NULL) {
+		config_file = PAM_WINBIND_CONFIG_FILE;
+	}
+
+	d = iniparser_load(config_file);
+	if (d == NULL) {
+		goto config_from_pam;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getboolean(d, "global:debug", false)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_DEBUG_ARG;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getboolean(d, "global:debug_state", false)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_DEBUG_STATE;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getboolean(d, "global:cached_login", false)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getboolean(d, "global:krb5_auth", false)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getboolean(d, "global:silent", false)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_SILENT;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getstr(d, "global:krb5_ccache_type") != NULL) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_KRB5_CCACHE_TYPE;
+	}
+
+	if ((iniparser_getstr(d, "global:require-membership-of") != NULL) ||
+	    (iniparser_getstr(d, "global:require_membership_of") != NULL)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_REQUIRED_MEMBERSHIP;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getboolean(d, "global:try_first_pass", false)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_TRY_FIRST_PASS_ARG;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getint(d, "global:warn_pwd_expire", 0)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_WARN_PWD_EXPIRE;
+	}
+
+	if (iniparser_getboolean(d, "global:mkhomedir", false)) {
+		ctrl |= WINBIND_MKHOMEDIR;
+	}
+
+config_from_pam:
+	/* step through arguments */
+	for (i=argc,v=argv; i-- > 0; ++v) {
+
+		/* generic options */
+		if (!strcmp(*v,"debug"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_DEBUG_ARG;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "debug_state"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_DEBUG_STATE;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "silent"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_SILENT;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "use_authtok"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_USE_AUTHTOK_ARG;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "use_first_pass"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_USE_FIRST_PASS_ARG;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "try_first_pass"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_TRY_FIRST_PASS_ARG;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "unknown_ok"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_UNKNOWN_OK_ARG;
+		else if (!strncasecmp(*v, "require_membership_of",
+				      strlen("require_membership_of")))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_REQUIRED_MEMBERSHIP;
+		else if (!strncasecmp(*v, "require-membership-of",
+				      strlen("require-membership-of")))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_REQUIRED_MEMBERSHIP;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "krb5_auth"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH;
+		else if (!strncasecmp(*v, "krb5_ccache_type",
+				      strlen("krb5_ccache_type")))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_KRB5_CCACHE_TYPE;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "cached_login"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(*v, "mkhomedir"))
+			ctrl |= WINBIND_MKHOMEDIR;
+		else {
+			__pam_log(pamh, ctrl, LOG_ERR,
+				 "pam_parse: unknown option: %s", *v);
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	if (result_d) {
+		*result_d = d;
+	} else {
+		if (d) {
+			iniparser_freedict(d);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ctrl;
+};
+
+static int _pam_winbind_free_context(struct pwb_context *ctx)
+{
+	if (!ctx) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->dict) {
+		iniparser_freedict(ctx->dict);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int _pam_winbind_init_context(pam_handle_t *pamh,
+				     int flags,
+				     int argc,
+				     const char **argv,
+				     struct pwb_context **ctx_p)
+{
+	struct pwb_context *r = NULL;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GETTEXT
+	textdomain_init();
+#endif
+
+	r = TALLOC_ZERO_P(NULL, struct pwb_context);
+	if (!r) {
+		return PAM_BUF_ERR;
+	}
+
+	talloc_set_destructor(r, _pam_winbind_free_context);
+
+	r->pamh = pamh;
+	r->flags = flags;
+	r->argc = argc;
+	r->argv = argv;
+	r->ctrl = _pam_parse(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &r->dict);
+	if (r->ctrl == -1) {
+		TALLOC_FREE(r);
+		return PAM_SYSTEM_ERR;
+	}
+
+	*ctx_p = r;
+
+	return PAM_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void _pam_winbind_cleanup_func(pam_handle_t *pamh,
+				      void *data,
+				      int error_status)
+{
+	int ctrl = _pam_parse(pamh, 0, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	if (_pam_log_is_debug_state_enabled(ctrl)) {
+		__pam_log_debug(pamh, ctrl, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "[pamh: %p] CLEAN: cleaning up PAM data %p "
+			       "(error_status = %d)", pamh, data,
+			       error_status);
+	}
+	TALLOC_FREE(data);
+}
+
+
+static const struct ntstatus_errors {
+	const char *ntstatus_string;
+	const char *error_string;
+} ntstatus_errors[] = {
+	{"NT_STATUS_OK",
+		N_("Success")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_BACKUP_CONTROLLER",
+		N_("No primary Domain Controler available")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER_NOT_FOUND",
+		N_("No domain controllers found")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_NO_LOGON_SERVERS",
+		N_("No logon servers")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_PWD_TOO_SHORT",
+		N_("Password too short")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_PWD_TOO_RECENT",
+		N_("The password of this user is too recent to change")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_PWD_HISTORY_CONFLICT",
+		N_("Password is already in password history")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_EXPIRED",
+		N_("Your password has expired")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE",
+		N_("You need to change your password now")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_INVALID_WORKSTATION",
+		N_("You are not allowed to logon from this workstation")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS",
+		N_("You are not allowed to logon at this time")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_EXPIRED",
+		N_("Your account has expired. "
+		   "Please contact your System administrator")}, /* SCNR */
+	{"NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED",
+		N_("Your account is disabled. "
+		   "Please contact your System administrator")}, /* SCNR */
+	{"NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT",
+		N_("Your account has been locked. "
+		   "Please contact your System administrator")}, /* SCNR */
+	{"NT_STATUS_NOLOGON_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT",
+		N_("Invalid Trust Account")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_NOLOGON_SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT",
+		N_("Invalid Trust Account")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_NOLOGON_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT",
+		N_("Invalid Trust Account")},
+	{"NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED",
+		N_("Access is denied")},
+	{NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+static const char *_get_ntstatus_error_string(const char *nt_status_string)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i=0; ntstatus_errors[i].ntstatus_string != NULL; i++) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(ntstatus_errors[i].ntstatus_string,
+				nt_status_string)) {
+			return _(ntstatus_errors[i].error_string);
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* --- authentication management functions --- */
+
+/* Attempt a conversation */
+
+static int converse(const pam_handle_t *pamh,
+		    int nargs,
+		    struct pam_message **message,
+		    struct pam_response **response)
+{
+	int retval;
+	struct pam_conv *conv;
+
+	retval = _pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_CONV, &conv);
+	if (retval == PAM_SUCCESS) {
+		retval = conv->conv(nargs,
+				    (const struct pam_message **)message,
+				    response, conv->appdata_ptr);
+	}
+
+	return retval; /* propagate error status */
+}
+
+
+static int _make_remark(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+			int type,
+			const char *text)
+{
+	int retval = PAM_SUCCESS;
+
+	struct pam_message *pmsg[1], msg[1];
+	struct pam_response *resp;
+
+	if (ctx->flags & WINBIND_SILENT) {
+		return PAM_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	pmsg[0] = &msg[0];
+	msg[0].msg = discard_const_p(char, text);
+	msg[0].msg_style = type;
+
+	resp = NULL;
+	retval = converse(ctx->pamh, 1, pmsg, &resp);
+
+	if (resp) {
+		_pam_drop_reply(resp, 1);
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int _make_remark_v(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+			  int type,
+			  const char *format,
+			  va_list args)
+{
+	char *var;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = vasprintf(&var, format, args);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR, "memory allocation failure");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = _make_remark(ctx, type, var);
+	SAFE_FREE(var);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int _make_remark_format(struct pwb_context *ctx, int type, const char *format, ...) PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE(3,4);
+static int _make_remark_format(struct pwb_context *ctx, int type, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list args;
+
+	va_start(args, format);
+	ret = _make_remark_v(ctx, type, format, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int pam_winbind_request_log(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				   int retval,
+				   const char *user,
+				   const char *fn)
+{
+	switch (retval) {
+	case PAM_AUTH_ERR:
+		/* incorrect password */
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_WARNING, "user '%s' denied access "
+			 "(incorrect password or invalid membership)", user);
+		return retval;
+	case PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED:
+		/* account expired */
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_WARNING, "user '%s' account expired",
+			 user);
+		return retval;
+	case PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED:
+		/* password expired */
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_WARNING, "user '%s' password expired",
+			 user);
+		return retval;
+	case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
+		/* new password required */
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_WARNING, "user '%s' new password "
+			 "required", user);
+		return retval;
+	case PAM_USER_UNKNOWN:
+		/* the user does not exist */
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_NOTICE, "user '%s' not found",
+			       user);
+		if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_UNKNOWN_OK_ARG) {
+			return PAM_IGNORE;
+		}
+		return retval;
+	case PAM_SUCCESS:
+		/* Otherwise, the authentication looked good */
+		if (strcmp(fn, "wbcLogonUser") == 0) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+				 "user '%s' granted access", user);
+		} else {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+				 "user '%s' OK", user);
+		}
+		return retval;
+	default:
+		/* we don't know anything about this return value */
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+			 "internal module error (retval = %s(%d), user = '%s')",
+			_pam_error_code_str(retval), retval, user);
+		return retval;
+	}
+}
+
+static int wbc_auth_error_to_pam_error(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				       struct wbcAuthErrorInfo *e,
+				       wbcErr status,
+				       const char *username,
+				       const char *fn)
+{
+	int ret = PAM_AUTH_ERR;
+
+	if (WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(status)) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "request %s succeeded",
+			fn);
+		ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+		return pam_winbind_request_log(ctx, ret, username, fn);
+	}
+
+	if (e) {
+		if (e->pam_error != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+				 "request %s failed: %s, "
+				 "PAM error: %s (%d), NTSTATUS: %s, "
+				 "Error message was: %s",
+				 fn,
+				 wbcErrorString(status),
+				 _pam_error_code_str(e->pam_error),
+				 e->pam_error,
+				 e->nt_string,
+				 e->display_string);
+			ret = e->pam_error;
+			return pam_winbind_request_log(ctx, ret, username, fn);
+		}
+
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR, "request %s failed, but PAM error 0!", fn);
+
+		ret = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+		return pam_winbind_request_log(ctx, ret, username, fn);
+	}
+
+	ret = wbc_error_to_pam_error(status);
+	return pam_winbind_request_log(ctx, ret, username, fn);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * send a password expiry message if required
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param next_change expected (calculated) next expiry date.
+ * @param already_expired pointer to a boolean to indicate if the password is
+ *        already expired.
+ *
+ * @return boolean Returns true if message has been sent, false if not.
+ */
+
+static bool _pam_send_password_expiry_message(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+					      time_t next_change,
+					      time_t now,
+					      int warn_pwd_expire,
+					      bool *already_expired)
+{
+	int days = 0;
+	struct tm tm_now, tm_next_change;
+
+	if (already_expired) {
+		*already_expired = false;
+	}
+
+	if (next_change <= now) {
+		PAM_WB_REMARK_DIRECT(ctx, "NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_EXPIRED");
+		if (already_expired) {
+			*already_expired = true;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if ((next_change < 0) ||
+	    (next_change > now + warn_pwd_expire * SECONDS_PER_DAY)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if ((localtime_r(&now, &tm_now) == NULL) ||
+	    (localtime_r(&next_change, &tm_next_change) == NULL)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	days = (tm_next_change.tm_yday+tm_next_change.tm_year*365) -
+	       (tm_now.tm_yday+tm_now.tm_year*365);
+
+	if (days == 0) {
+		_make_remark(ctx, PAM_TEXT_INFO,
+			     _("Your password expires today"));
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (days > 0 && days < warn_pwd_expire) {
+		_make_remark_format(ctx, PAM_TEXT_INFO,
+				    _("Your password will expire in %d %s"),
+				    days, (days > 1) ? _("days"):_("day"));
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Send a warning if the password expires in the near future
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param response The full authentication response structure.
+ * @param already_expired boolean, is the pwd already expired?
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_warn_password_expiry(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				      const struct wbcAuthUserInfo *info,
+				      const struct wbcUserPasswordPolicyInfo *policy,
+				      int warn_pwd_expire,
+				      bool *already_expired)
+{
+	time_t now = time(NULL);
+	time_t next_change = 0;
+
+	if (!info || !policy) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (already_expired) {
+		*already_expired = false;
+	}
+
+	/* accounts with WBC_ACB_PWNOEXP set never receive a warning */
+	if (info->acct_flags & WBC_ACB_PWNOEXP) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* no point in sending a warning if this is a grace logon */
+	if (PAM_WB_GRACE_LOGON(info->user_flags)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* check if the info3 must change timestamp has been set */
+	next_change = info->pass_must_change_time;
+
+	if (_pam_send_password_expiry_message(ctx, next_change, now,
+					      warn_pwd_expire,
+					      already_expired)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* now check for the global password policy */
+	/* good catch from Ralf Haferkamp: an expiry of "never" is translated
+	 * to -1 */
+	if (policy->expire <= 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	next_change = info->pass_last_set_time + policy->expire;
+
+	if (_pam_send_password_expiry_message(ctx, next_change, now,
+					      warn_pwd_expire,
+					      already_expired)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* no warning sent */
+}
+
+#define IS_SID_STRING(name) (strncmp("S-", name, 2) == 0)
+
+/**
+ * Append a string, making sure not to overflow and to always return a
+ * NULL-terminated string.
+ *
+ * @param dest Destination string buffer (must already be NULL-terminated).
+ * @param src Source string buffer.
+ * @param dest_buffer_size Size of dest buffer in bytes.
+ *
+ * @return false if dest buffer is not big enough (no bytes copied), true on
+ * success.
+ */
+
+static bool safe_append_string(char *dest,
+			       const char *src,
+			       int dest_buffer_size)
+{
+	int dest_length = strlen(dest);
+	int src_length = strlen(src);
+
+	if (dest_length + src_length + 1 > dest_buffer_size) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(dest + dest_length, src, src_length + 1);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a names into a SID string, appending it to a buffer.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param user User in PAM request.
+ * @param name Name to convert.
+ * @param sid_list_buffer Where to append the string sid.
+ * @param sid_list_buffer Size of sid_list_buffer (in bytes).
+ *
+ * @return false on failure, true on success.
+ */
+static bool winbind_name_to_sid_string(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				       const char *user,
+				       const char *name,
+				       char *sid_list_buffer,
+				       int sid_list_buffer_size)
+{
+	const char* sid_string;
+
+	/* lookup name? */
+	if (IS_SID_STRING(name)) {
+		sid_string = name;
+	} else {
+		wbcErr wbc_status;
+		struct wbcDomainSid sid;
+		enum wbcSidType type;
+		char *sid_str;
+
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "no sid given, looking up: %s\n", name);
+
+		wbc_status = wbcLookupName("", name, &sid, &type);
+		if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+				 "could not lookup name: %s\n", name);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		wbc_status = wbcSidToString(&sid, &sid_str);
+		if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		wbcFreeMemory(sid_str);
+		sid_string = sid_str;
+	}
+
+	if (!safe_append_string(sid_list_buffer, sid_string,
+				sid_list_buffer_size)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert a list of names into a list of sids.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param user User in PAM request.
+ * @param name_list List of names or string sids, separated by commas.
+ * @param sid_list_buffer Where to put the list of string sids.
+ * @param sid_list_buffer Size of sid_list_buffer (in bytes).
+ *
+ * @return false on failure, true on success.
+ */
+static bool winbind_name_list_to_sid_string_list(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+						 const char *user,
+						 const char *name_list,
+						 char *sid_list_buffer,
+						 int sid_list_buffer_size)
+{
+	bool result = false;
+	char *current_name = NULL;
+	const char *search_location;
+	const char *comma;
+
+	if (sid_list_buffer_size > 0) {
+		sid_list_buffer[0] = 0;
+	}
+
+	search_location = name_list;
+	while ((comma = strstr(search_location, ",")) != NULL) {
+		current_name = strndup(search_location,
+				       comma - search_location);
+		if (NULL == current_name) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (!winbind_name_to_sid_string(ctx, user,
+						current_name,
+						sid_list_buffer,
+						sid_list_buffer_size)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		SAFE_FREE(current_name);
+
+		if (!safe_append_string(sid_list_buffer, ",",
+					sid_list_buffer_size)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		search_location = comma + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!winbind_name_to_sid_string(ctx, user, search_location,
+					sid_list_buffer,
+					sid_list_buffer_size)) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	result = true;
+
+out:
+	SAFE_FREE(current_name);
+	return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * put krb5ccname variable into environment
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param krb5ccname env variable retrieved from winbindd.
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_setup_krb5_env(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				struct wbcLogonUserInfo *info)
+{
+	char var[PATH_MAX];
+	int ret;
+	uint32_t i;
+	const char *krb5ccname = NULL;
+
+	if (off(ctx->ctrl, WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!info) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i < info->num_blobs; i++) {
+		if (strcasecmp(info->blobs[i].name, "krb5ccname") == 0) {
+			krb5ccname = (const char *)info->blobs[i].blob.data;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!krb5ccname || (strlen(krb5ccname) == 0)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+		       "request returned KRB5CCNAME: %s", krb5ccname);
+
+	if (snprintf(var, sizeof(var), "KRB5CCNAME=%s", krb5ccname) == -1) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ret = pam_putenv(ctx->pamh, var);
+	if (ret) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+			 "failed to set KRB5CCNAME to %s: %s",
+			 var, pam_strerror(ctx->pamh, ret));
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Copy unix username if available (further processed in PAM).
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context
+ * @param user_ret A pointer that holds a pointer to a string
+ * @param unix_username A username
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_setup_unix_username(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				     char **user_ret,
+				     struct wbcLogonUserInfo *info)
+{
+	const char *unix_username = NULL;
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	if (!user_ret || !info) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i < info->num_blobs; i++) {
+		if (strcasecmp(info->blobs[i].name, "unix_username") == 0) {
+			unix_username = (const char *)info->blobs[i].blob.data;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!unix_username || !unix_username[0]) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	*user_ret = strdup(unix_username);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set string into the PAM stack.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param data_name Key name for pam_set_data.
+ * @param value String value.
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_set_data_string(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				 const char *data_name,
+				 const char *value)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!data_name || !value || (strlen(data_name) == 0) ||
+	     (strlen(value) == 0)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ret = pam_set_data(ctx->pamh, data_name, talloc_strdup(NULL, value),
+			   _pam_winbind_cleanup_func);
+	if (ret) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "Could not set data %s: %s\n",
+			       data_name, pam_strerror(ctx->pamh, ret));
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set info3 strings into the PAM stack.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param data_name Key name for pam_set_data.
+ * @param value String value.
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_set_data_info3(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				const struct wbcAuthUserInfo *info)
+{
+	_pam_set_data_string(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_HOMEDIR,
+			     info->home_directory);
+	_pam_set_data_string(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_LOGONSCRIPT,
+			     info->logon_script);
+	_pam_set_data_string(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_LOGONSERVER,
+			     info->logon_server);
+	_pam_set_data_string(ctx, PAM_WINBIND_PROFILEPATH,
+			     info->profile_path);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free info3 strings in the PAM stack.
+ *
+ * @param pamh PAM handle
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_free_data_info3(pam_handle_t *pamh)
+{
+	pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_HOMEDIR, NULL, NULL);
+	pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_LOGONSCRIPT, NULL, NULL);
+	pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_LOGONSERVER, NULL, NULL);
+	pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_PROFILEPATH, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Send PAM_ERROR_MSG for cached or grace logons.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param username User in PAM request.
+ * @param info3_user_flgs Info3 flags containing logon type bits.
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_warn_logon_type(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				 const char *username,
+				 uint32_t info3_user_flgs)
+{
+	/* inform about logon type */
+	if (PAM_WB_GRACE_LOGON(info3_user_flgs)) {
+
+		_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG,
+			     _("Grace login. "
+			       "Please change your password as soon you're "
+			       "online again"));
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "User %s logged on using grace logon\n",
+			       username);
+
+	} else if (PAM_WB_CACHED_LOGON(info3_user_flgs)) {
+
+		_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG,
+			     _("Domain Controller unreachable, "
+			       "using cached credentials instead. "
+			       "Network resources may be unavailable"));
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "User %s logged on using cached credentials\n",
+			       username);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Send PAM_ERROR_MSG for krb5 errors.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param username User in PAM request.
+ * @param info3_user_flgs Info3 flags containing logon type bits.
+ *
+ * @return void.
+ */
+
+static void _pam_warn_krb5_failure(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				   const char *username,
+				   uint32_t info3_user_flgs)
+{
+	if (PAM_WB_KRB5_CLOCK_SKEW(info3_user_flgs)) {
+		_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG,
+			     _("Failed to establish your Kerberos Ticket cache "
+			       "due time differences\n"
+			       "with the domain controller.  "
+			       "Please verify the system time.\n"));
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "User %s: Clock skew when getting Krb5 TGT\n",
+			       username);
+	}
+}
+
+static bool _pam_check_remark_auth_err(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				       const struct wbcAuthErrorInfo *e,
+				       const char *nt_status_string,
+				       int *pam_error)
+{
+	const char *ntstatus = NULL;
+	const char *error_string = NULL;
+
+	if (!e || !pam_error) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	ntstatus = e->nt_string;
+	if (!ntstatus) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (strcasecmp(ntstatus, nt_status_string) == 0) {
+
+		error_string = _get_ntstatus_error_string(nt_status_string);
+		if (error_string) {
+			_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG, error_string);
+			*pam_error = e->pam_error;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if (e->display_string) {
+			_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG, e->display_string);
+			*pam_error = e->pam_error;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG, nt_status_string);
+		*pam_error = e->pam_error;
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Compose Password Restriction String for a PAM_ERROR_MSG conversation.
+ *
+ * @param i The wbcUserPasswordPolicyInfo struct.
+ *
+ * @return string (caller needs to talloc_free).
+ */
+
+static char *_pam_compose_pwd_restriction_string(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+						 struct wbcUserPasswordPolicyInfo *i)
+{
+	char *str = NULL;
+
+	if (!i) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	str = talloc_asprintf(ctx, _("Your password "));
+	if (!str) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	if (i->min_length_password > 0) {
+		str = talloc_asprintf_append(str,
+			       _("must be at least %d characters; "),
+			       i->min_length_password);
+		if (!str) {
+			goto failed;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (i->password_history > 0) {
+		str = talloc_asprintf_append(str,
+			       _("cannot repeat any of your previous %d "
+			        "passwords; "),
+			       i->password_history);
+		if (!str) {
+			goto failed;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (i->password_properties & WBC_DOMAIN_PASSWORD_COMPLEX) {
+		str = talloc_asprintf_append(str,
+			       _("must contain capitals, numerals "
+			         "or punctuation; "
+			         "and cannot contain your account "
+			         "or full name; "));
+		if (!str) {
+			goto failed;
+		}
+	}
+
+	str = talloc_asprintf_append(str,
+		       _("Please type a different password. "
+		         "Type a password which meets these requirements in "
+		         "both text boxes."));
+	if (!str) {
+		goto failed;
+	}
+
+	return str;
+
+ failed:
+	TALLOC_FREE(str);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int _pam_create_homedir(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+			       const char *dirname,
+			       mode_t mode)
+{
+	struct stat sbuf;
+
+	if (stat(dirname, &sbuf) == 0) {
+		return PAM_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (mkdir(dirname, mode) != 0) {
+
+		_make_remark_format(ctx, PAM_TEXT_INFO,
+				    _("Creating directory: %s failed: %s"),
+				    dirname, strerror(errno));
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR, "could not create dir: %s (%s)",
+		 dirname, strerror(errno));
+		 return PAM_PERM_DENIED;
+	}
+
+	return PAM_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int _pam_chown_homedir(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+			      const char *dirname,
+			      uid_t uid,
+			      gid_t gid)
+{
+	if (chown(dirname, uid, gid) != 0) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR, "failed to chown user homedir: %s (%s)",
+			 dirname, strerror(errno));
+		return PAM_PERM_DENIED;
+	}
+
+	return PAM_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int _pam_mkhomedir(struct pwb_context *ctx)
+{
+	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
+	char *token = NULL;
+	char *create_dir = NULL;
+	char *user_dir = NULL;
+	int ret;
+	const char *username;
+	mode_t mode = 0700;
+	char *safe_ptr = NULL;
+	char *p = NULL;
+
+	/* Get the username */
+	ret = pam_get_user(ctx->pamh, &username, NULL);
+	if ((ret != PAM_SUCCESS) || (!username)) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "can not get the username");
+		return PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+	}
+
+	pwd = getpwnam(username);
+	if (pwd == NULL) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "can not get the username");
+		return PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+	}
+	_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "homedir is: %s", pwd->pw_dir);
+
+	ret = _pam_create_homedir(ctx, pwd->pw_dir, 0700);
+	if (ret == PAM_SUCCESS) {
+		ret = _pam_chown_homedir(ctx, pwd->pw_dir,
+					 pwd->pw_uid,
+					 pwd->pw_gid);
+	}
+
+	if (ret == PAM_SUCCESS) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* maybe we need to create parent dirs */
+	create_dir = talloc_strdup(ctx, "/");
+	if (!create_dir) {
+		return PAM_BUF_ERR;
+	}
+
+	/* find final directory */
+	user_dir = strrchr(pwd->pw_dir, '/');
+	if (!user_dir) {
+		return PAM_BUF_ERR;
+	}
+	user_dir++;
+
+	_pam_log(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "final directory: %s", user_dir);
+
+	p = pwd->pw_dir;
+
+	while ((token = strtok_r(p, "/", &safe_ptr)) != NULL) {
+
+		mode = 0755;
+
+		p = NULL;
+
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "token is %s", token);
+
+		create_dir = talloc_asprintf_append(create_dir, "%s/", token);
+		if (!create_dir) {
+			return PAM_BUF_ERR;
+		}
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "current_dir is %s", create_dir);
+
+		if (strcmp(token, user_dir) == 0) {
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "assuming last directory: %s", token);
+			mode = 0700;
+		}
+
+		ret = _pam_create_homedir(ctx, create_dir, mode);
+		if (ret) {
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return _pam_chown_homedir(ctx, create_dir,
+				  pwd->pw_uid,
+				  pwd->pw_gid);
+}
+
+/* talk to winbindd */
+static int winbind_auth_request(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				const char *user,
+				const char *pass,
+				const char *member,
+				const char *cctype,
+				const int warn_pwd_expire,
+				struct wbcAuthErrorInfo **p_error,
+				struct wbcLogonUserInfo **p_info,
+				struct wbcUserPasswordPolicyInfo **p_policy,
+				time_t *pwd_last_set,
+				char **user_ret)
+{
+	wbcErr wbc_status;
+
+	struct wbcLogonUserParams logon;
+	char membership_of[1024];
+	uid_t user_uid = -1;
+	uint32_t flags = WBFLAG_PAM_INFO3_TEXT |
+			 WBFLAG_PAM_GET_PWD_POLICY;
+
+	struct wbcLogonUserInfo *info = NULL;
+	struct wbcAuthUserInfo *user_info = NULL;
+	struct wbcAuthErrorInfo *error = NULL;
+	struct wbcUserPasswordPolicyInfo *policy = NULL;
+
+	int ret = PAM_AUTH_ERR;
+	int i;
+	const char *codes[] = {
+		"NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_EXPIRED",
+		"NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_MUST_CHANGE",
+		"NT_STATUS_INVALID_WORKSTATION",
+		"NT_STATUS_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS",
+		"NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_EXPIRED",
+		"NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED",
+		"NT_STATUS_ACCOUNT_LOCKED_OUT",
+		"NT_STATUS_NOLOGON_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT",
+		"NT_STATUS_NOLOGON_SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT",
+		"NT_STATUS_NOLOGON_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT",
+		"NT_STATUS_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER_NOT_FOUND",
+		"NT_STATUS_NO_LOGON_SERVERS",
+		"NT_STATUS_WRONG_PASSWORD",
+		"NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED"
+	};
+
+	if (pwd_last_set) {
+		*pwd_last_set = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Krb5 auth always has to go against the KDC of the user's realm */
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH) {
+		flags		|= WBFLAG_PAM_CONTACT_TRUSTDOM;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & (WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH|WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN)) {
+		struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
+
+		pwd = getpwnam(user);
+		if (pwd == NULL) {
+			return PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+		}
+		user_uid	= pwd->pw_uid;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH) {
+
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "enabling krb5 login flag\n");
+
+		flags		|= WBFLAG_PAM_KRB5 |
+				   WBFLAG_PAM_FALLBACK_AFTER_KRB5;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "enabling cached login flag\n");
+		flags		|= WBFLAG_PAM_CACHED_LOGIN;
+	}
+
+	if (user_ret) {
+		*user_ret = NULL;
+		flags		|= WBFLAG_PAM_UNIX_NAME;
+	}
+
+	if (cctype != NULL) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "enabling request for a %s krb5 ccache\n",
+			       cctype);
+	}
+
+	if (member != NULL) {
+
+		ZERO_STRUCT(membership_of);
+
+		if (!winbind_name_list_to_sid_string_list(ctx, user, member,
+							  membership_of,
+							  sizeof(membership_of))) {
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+				       "failed to serialize membership of sid "
+				       "\"%s\"\n", member);
+			return PAM_AUTH_ERR;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ZERO_STRUCT(logon);
+
+	logon.username			= user;
+	logon.password			= pass;
+
+	if (cctype) {
+		wbc_status = wbcAddNamedBlob(&logon.num_blobs,
+					     &logon.blobs,
+					     "krb5_cc_type",
+					     0,
+					     (uint8_t *)cctype,
+					     strlen(cctype)+1);
+		if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	wbc_status = wbcAddNamedBlob(&logon.num_blobs,
+				     &logon.blobs,
+				     "flags",
+				     0,
+				     (uint8_t *)&flags,
+				     sizeof(flags));
+	if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	wbc_status = wbcAddNamedBlob(&logon.num_blobs,
+				     &logon.blobs,
+				     "user_uid",
+				     0,
+				     (uint8_t *)&user_uid,
+				     sizeof(user_uid));
+	if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	if (member) {
+		wbc_status = wbcAddNamedBlob(&logon.num_blobs,
+					     &logon.blobs,
+					     "membership_of",
+					     0,
+					     (uint8_t *)membership_of,
+					     sizeof(membership_of));
+		if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	wbc_status = wbcLogonUser(&logon, &info, &error, &policy);
+	ret = wbc_auth_error_to_pam_error(ctx, error, wbc_status,
+					  user, "wbcLogonUser");
+	wbcFreeMemory(logon.blobs);
+	logon.blobs = NULL;
+
+	if (info && info->info) {
+		user_info = info->info;
+	}
+
+	if (pwd_last_set && user_info) {
+		*pwd_last_set = user_info->pass_last_set_time;
+	}
+
+	if (p_info && info) {
+		*p_info = info;
+	}
+
+	if (p_policy && policy) {
+		*p_policy = policy;
+	}
+
+	if (p_error && error) {
+		/* We want to process the error in the caller. */
+		*p_error = error;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<ARRAY_SIZE(codes); i++) {
+		int _ret = ret;
+		if (_pam_check_remark_auth_err(ctx, error, codes[i], &_ret)) {
+			ret = _ret;
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((ret == PAM_SUCCESS) && user_info && policy && info) {
+
+		bool already_expired = false;
+
+		/* warn a user if the password is about to expire soon */
+		_pam_warn_password_expiry(ctx, user_info, policy,
+					  warn_pwd_expire,
+					  &already_expired);
+
+		if (already_expired == true) {
+
+			SMB_TIME_T last_set = user_info->pass_last_set_time;
+
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+				       "Password has expired "
+				       "(Password was last set: %lld, "
+				       "the policy says it should expire here "
+				       "%lld (now it's: %lu))\n",
+				       (long long int)last_set,
+				       (long long int)last_set +
+				       policy->expire,
+				       time(NULL));
+
+			return PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED;
+		}
+
+		/* inform about logon type */
+		_pam_warn_logon_type(ctx, user, user_info->user_flags);
+
+		/* inform about krb5 failures */
+		_pam_warn_krb5_failure(ctx, user, user_info->user_flags);
+
+		/* set some info3 info for other modules in the stack */
+		_pam_set_data_info3(ctx, user_info);
+
+		/* put krb5ccname into env */
+		_pam_setup_krb5_env(ctx, info);
+
+		/* If winbindd returned a username, return the pointer to it
+		 * here. */
+		_pam_setup_unix_username(ctx, user_ret, info);
+	}
+
+ done:
+	if (logon.blobs) {
+		wbcFreeMemory(logon.blobs);
+	}
+	if (info && info->blobs) {
+		wbcFreeMemory(info->blobs);
+	}
+	if (error && !p_error) {
+		wbcFreeMemory(error);
+	}
+	if (info && !p_info) {
+		wbcFreeMemory(info);
+	}
+	if (policy && !p_policy) {
+		wbcFreeMemory(policy);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* talk to winbindd */
+static int winbind_chauthtok_request(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				     const char *user,
+				     const char *oldpass,
+				     const char *newpass,
+				     time_t pwd_last_set)
+{
+	wbcErr wbc_status;
+	struct wbcChangePasswordParams params;
+	struct wbcAuthErrorInfo *error = NULL;
+	struct wbcUserPasswordPolicyInfo *policy = NULL;
+	enum wbcPasswordChangeRejectReason reject_reason = -1;
+	uint32_t flags = 0;
+
+	int i;
+	const char *codes[] = {
+		"NT_STATUS_BACKUP_CONTROLLER",
+		"NT_STATUS_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER_NOT_FOUND",
+		"NT_STATUS_NO_LOGON_SERVERS",
+		"NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED",
+		"NT_STATUS_PWD_TOO_SHORT", /* TODO: tell the min pwd length ? */
+		"NT_STATUS_PWD_TOO_RECENT", /* TODO: tell the minage ? */
+		"NT_STATUS_PWD_HISTORY_CONFLICT" /* TODO: tell the history length ? */
+	};
+	int ret = PAM_AUTH_ERR;
+
+	ZERO_STRUCT(params);
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH) {
+		flags |= WBFLAG_PAM_KRB5 |
+			 WBFLAG_PAM_CONTACT_TRUSTDOM;
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN) {
+		flags |= WBFLAG_PAM_CACHED_LOGIN;
+	}
+
+	params.account_name		= user;
+	params.level			= WBC_AUTH_USER_LEVEL_PLAIN;
+	params.old_password.plaintext	= oldpass;
+	params.new_password.plaintext	= newpass;
+	params.flags			= flags;
+
+	wbc_status = wbcChangeUserPasswordEx(&params, &error, &reject_reason, &policy);
+	ret = wbc_auth_error_to_pam_error(ctx, error, wbc_status,
+					  user, "wbcChangeUserPasswordEx");
+
+	if (WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+			 "user '%s' password changed", user);
+		return PAM_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (!error) {
+		wbcFreeMemory(policy);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<ARRAY_SIZE(codes); i++) {
+		int _ret = ret;
+		if (_pam_check_remark_auth_err(ctx, error, codes[i], &_ret)) {
+			ret = _ret;
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!strcasecmp(error->nt_string,
+			"NT_STATUS_PASSWORD_RESTRICTION")) {
+
+		char *pwd_restriction_string = NULL;
+		SMB_TIME_T min_pwd_age = 0;
+
+		if (policy) {
+			min_pwd_age	= policy->min_passwordage;
+		}
+
+		/* FIXME: avoid to send multiple PAM messages after another */
+		switch (reject_reason) {
+			case -1:
+				break;
+			case WBC_PWD_CHANGE_REJECT_OTHER:
+				if ((min_pwd_age > 0) &&
+				    (pwd_last_set + min_pwd_age > time(NULL))) {
+					PAM_WB_REMARK_DIRECT(ctx,
+					     "NT_STATUS_PWD_TOO_RECENT");
+				}
+				break;
+			case WBC_PWD_CHANGE_REJECT_TOO_SHORT:
+				PAM_WB_REMARK_DIRECT(ctx,
+					"NT_STATUS_PWD_TOO_SHORT");
+				break;
+			case WBC_PWD_CHANGE_REJECT_IN_HISTORY:
+				PAM_WB_REMARK_DIRECT(ctx,
+					"NT_STATUS_PWD_HISTORY_CONFLICT");
+				break;
+			case WBC_PWD_CHANGE_REJECT_COMPLEXITY:
+				_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG,
+					     _("Password does not meet "
+					       "complexity requirements"));
+				break;
+			default:
+				_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+					       "unknown password change "
+					       "reject reason: %d",
+					       reject_reason);
+				break;
+		}
+
+		pwd_restriction_string =
+			_pam_compose_pwd_restriction_string(ctx, policy);
+		if (pwd_restriction_string) {
+			_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG,
+				     pwd_restriction_string);
+			TALLOC_FREE(pwd_restriction_string);
+		}
+	}
+ done:
+	wbcFreeMemory(error);
+	wbcFreeMemory(policy);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Checks if a user has an account
+ *
+ * return values:
+ *	 1  = User not found
+ *	 0  = OK
+ * 	-1  = System error
+ */
+static int valid_user(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+		      const char *user)
+{
+	/* check not only if the user is available over NSS calls, also make
+	 * sure it's really a winbind user, this is important when stacking PAM
+	 * modules in the 'account' or 'password' facility. */
+
+	wbcErr wbc_status;
+	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
+	struct passwd *wb_pwd = NULL;
+
+	pwd = getpwnam(user);
+	if (pwd == NULL) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	wbc_status = wbcGetpwnam(user, &wb_pwd);
+	wbcFreeMemory(wb_pwd);
+	if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "valid_user: wbcGetpwnam gave %s\n",
+			wbcErrorString(wbc_status));
+	}
+
+	switch (wbc_status) {
+		case WBC_ERR_UNKNOWN_USER:
+			return 1;
+		case WBC_ERR_SUCCESS:
+			return 0;
+		default:
+			break;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static char *_pam_delete(register char *xx)
+{
+	_pam_overwrite(xx);
+	_pam_drop(xx);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * obtain a password from the user
+ */
+
+static int _winbind_read_password(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				  unsigned int ctrl,
+				  const char *comment,
+				  const char *prompt1,
+				  const char *prompt2,
+				  const char **pass)
+{
+	int authtok_flag;
+	int retval;
+	const char *item;
+	char *token;
+
+	_pam_log(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "getting password (0x%08x)", ctrl);
+
+	/*
+	 * make sure nothing inappropriate gets returned
+	 */
+
+	*pass = token = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * which authentication token are we getting?
+	 */
+
+	if (on(WINBIND__OLD_PASSWORD, ctrl)) {
+		authtok_flag = PAM_OLDAUTHTOK;
+	} else {
+		authtok_flag = PAM_AUTHTOK;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * should we obtain the password from a PAM item ?
+	 */
+
+	if (on(WINBIND_TRY_FIRST_PASS_ARG, ctrl) ||
+	    on(WINBIND_USE_FIRST_PASS_ARG, ctrl)) {
+		retval = _pam_get_item(ctx->pamh, authtok_flag, &item);
+		if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			/* very strange. */
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ALERT,
+				 "pam_get_item returned error "
+				 "to unix-read-password");
+			return retval;
+		} else if (item != NULL) {	/* we have a password! */
+			*pass = item;
+			item = NULL;
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+				 "pam_get_item returned a password");
+			return PAM_SUCCESS;
+		} else if (on(WINBIND_USE_FIRST_PASS_ARG, ctrl)) {
+			return PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVER_ERR;	/* didn't work */
+		} else if (on(WINBIND_USE_AUTHTOK_ARG, ctrl)
+			   && off(WINBIND__OLD_PASSWORD, ctrl)) {
+			return PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVER_ERR;
+		}
+	}
+	/*
+	 * getting here implies we will have to get the password from the
+	 * user directly.
+	 */
+
+	{
+		struct pam_message msg[3], *pmsg[3];
+		struct pam_response *resp;
+		int i, replies;
+
+		/* prepare to converse */
+
+		if (comment != NULL && off(ctrl, WINBIND_SILENT)) {
+			pmsg[0] = &msg[0];
+			msg[0].msg_style = PAM_TEXT_INFO;
+			msg[0].msg = discard_const_p(char, comment);
+			i = 1;
+		} else {
+			i = 0;
+		}
+
+		pmsg[i] = &msg[i];
+		msg[i].msg_style = PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF;
+		msg[i++].msg = discard_const_p(char, prompt1);
+		replies = 1;
+
+		if (prompt2 != NULL) {
+			pmsg[i] = &msg[i];
+			msg[i].msg_style = PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_OFF;
+			msg[i++].msg = discard_const_p(char, prompt2);
+			++replies;
+		}
+		/* so call the conversation expecting i responses */
+		resp = NULL;
+		retval = converse(ctx->pamh, i, pmsg, &resp);
+		if (resp == NULL) {
+			if (retval == PAM_SUCCESS) {
+				retval = PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVER_ERR;
+			}
+			goto done;
+		}
+		if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			_pam_drop_reply(resp, i);
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		/* interpret the response */
+
+		token = x_strdup(resp[i - replies].resp);
+		if (!token) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+				 "could not recover "
+				 "authentication token");
+			retval = PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVER_ERR;
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		if (replies == 2) {
+			/* verify that password entered correctly */
+			if (!resp[i - 1].resp ||
+			    strcmp(token, resp[i - 1].resp)) {
+				_pam_delete(token);	/* mistyped */
+				retval = PAM_AUTHTOK_RECOVER_ERR;
+				_make_remark(ctx, PAM_ERROR_MSG,
+					     MISTYPED_PASS);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * tidy up the conversation (resp_retcode) is ignored
+		 * -- what is it for anyway? AGM
+		 */
+		_pam_drop_reply(resp, i);
+	}
+
+ done:
+	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "unable to obtain a password");
+		return retval;
+	}
+	/* 'token' is the entered password */
+
+	/* we store this password as an item */
+
+	retval = pam_set_item(ctx->pamh, authtok_flag, token);
+	_pam_delete(token);	/* clean it up */
+	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS ||
+	    (retval = _pam_get_item(ctx->pamh, authtok_flag, &item)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_CRIT, "error manipulating password");
+		return retval;
+
+	}
+
+	*pass = item;
+	item = NULL;		/* break link to password */
+
+	return PAM_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static const char *get_conf_item_string(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+					const char *item,
+					int config_flag)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	const char *parm_opt = NULL;
+
+	if (!(ctx->ctrl & config_flag)) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* let the pam opt take precedence over the pam_winbind.conf option */
+	for (i=0; i<ctx->argc; i++) {
+
+		if ((strncmp(ctx->argv[i], item, strlen(item)) == 0)) {
+			char *p;
+
+			if ((p = strchr(ctx->argv[i], '=')) == NULL) {
+				_pam_log(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+					 "no \"=\" delimiter for \"%s\" found\n",
+					 item);
+				goto out;
+			}
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+				       "PAM config: %s '%s'\n", item, p+1);
+			return p + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->dict) {
+		char *key = NULL;
+
+		key = talloc_asprintf(ctx, "global:%s", item);
+		if (!key) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		parm_opt = iniparser_getstr(ctx->dict, key);
+		TALLOC_FREE(key);
+
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO, "CONFIG file: %s '%s'\n",
+			       item, parm_opt);
+	}
+out:
+	return parm_opt;
+}
+
+static int get_config_item_int(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+			       const char *item,
+			       int config_flag)
+{
+	int i, parm_opt = -1;
+
+	if (!(ctx->ctrl & config_flag)) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* let the pam opt take precedence over the pam_winbind.conf option */
+	for (i = 0; i < ctx->argc; i++) {
+
+		if ((strncmp(ctx->argv[i], item, strlen(item)) == 0)) {
+			char *p;
+
+			if ((p = strchr(ctx->argv[i], '=')) == NULL) {
+				_pam_log(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+					 "no \"=\" delimiter for \"%s\" found\n",
+					 item);
+				goto out;
+			}
+			parm_opt = atoi(p + 1);
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+				       "PAM config: %s '%d'\n",
+				       item, parm_opt);
+			return parm_opt;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ctx->dict) {
+		char *key = NULL;
+
+		key = talloc_asprintf(ctx, "global:%s", item);
+		if (!key) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		parm_opt = iniparser_getint(ctx->dict, key, -1);
+		TALLOC_FREE(key);
+
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+			       "CONFIG file: %s '%d'\n",
+			       item, parm_opt);
+	}
+out:
+	return parm_opt;
+}
+
+static const char *get_krb5_cc_type_from_config(struct pwb_context *ctx)
+{
+	return get_conf_item_string(ctx, "krb5_ccache_type",
+				    WINBIND_KRB5_CCACHE_TYPE);
+}
+
+static const char *get_member_from_config(struct pwb_context *ctx)
+{
+	const char *ret = NULL;
+	ret = get_conf_item_string(ctx, "require_membership_of",
+				   WINBIND_REQUIRED_MEMBERSHIP);
+	if (ret) {
+		return ret;
+	}
+	return get_conf_item_string(ctx, "require-membership-of",
+				    WINBIND_REQUIRED_MEMBERSHIP);
+}
+
+static int get_warn_pwd_expire_from_config(struct pwb_context *ctx)
+{
+	int ret;
+	ret = get_config_item_int(ctx, "warn_pwd_expire",
+				  WINBIND_WARN_PWD_EXPIRE);
+	/* no or broken setting */
+	if (ret <= 0) {
+		return DEFAULT_DAYS_TO_WARN_BEFORE_PWD_EXPIRES;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the winbind separator.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ *
+ * @return string separator character. NULL on failure.
+ */
+
+static char winbind_get_separator(struct pwb_context *ctx)
+{
+	wbcErr wbc_status;
+	static struct wbcInterfaceDetails *details = NULL;
+
+	wbc_status = wbcInterfaceDetails(&details);
+	if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+			 "Could not retrieve winbind interface details: %s",
+			 wbcErrorString(wbc_status));
+		return '\0';
+	}
+
+	if (!details) {
+		return '\0';
+	}
+
+	return details->winbind_separator;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a upn to a name.
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param upn  USer UPN to be trabslated.
+ *
+ * @return converted name. NULL pointer on failure. Caller needs to free.
+ */
+
+static char* winbind_upn_to_username(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+				     const char *upn)
+{
+	char sep;
+	wbcErr wbc_status = WBC_ERR_UNKNOWN_FAILURE;
+	struct wbcDomainSid sid;
+	enum wbcSidType type;
+	char *domain;
+	char *name;
+
+	/* This cannot work when the winbind separator = @ */
+
+	sep = winbind_get_separator(ctx);
+	if (!sep || sep == '@') {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Convert the UPN to a SID */
+
+	wbc_status = wbcLookupName("", upn, &sid, &type);
+	if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Convert the the SID back to the sAMAccountName */
+
+	wbc_status = wbcLookupSid(&sid, &domain, &name, &type);
+	if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return talloc_asprintf(ctx, "%s\\%s", domain, name);
+}
+
+static int _pam_delete_cred(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
+			 int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int retval = PAM_SUCCESS;
+	struct pwb_context *ctx = NULL;
+	struct wbcLogoffUserParams logoff;
+	struct wbcAuthErrorInfo *error = NULL;
+	const char *user;
+	wbcErr wbc_status = WBC_ERR_SUCCESS;
+
+	retval = _pam_winbind_init_context(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &ctx);
+	if (retval) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER("_pam_delete_cred", ctx);
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH) {
+
+		/* destroy the ccache here */
+
+		uint32_t wbc_flags = 0;
+		const char *ccname = NULL;
+		struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
+
+		retval = pam_get_user(pamh, &user, _("Username: "));
+		if (retval) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+				 "could not identify user");
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (user == NULL) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+				 "username was NULL!");
+			retval = PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "username [%s] obtained", user);
+
+		ccname = pam_getenv(pamh, "KRB5CCNAME");
+		if (ccname == NULL) {
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+				       "user has no KRB5CCNAME environment");
+		}
+
+		pwd = getpwnam(user);
+		if (pwd == NULL) {
+			retval = PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		wbc_flags = WBFLAG_PAM_KRB5 |
+			WBFLAG_PAM_CONTACT_TRUSTDOM;
+
+		ZERO_STRUCT(logoff);
+
+		logoff.username		= user;
+
+		if (ccname) {
+			wbc_status = wbcAddNamedBlob(&logoff.num_blobs,
+						     &logoff.blobs,
+						     "ccfilename",
+						     0,
+						     (uint8_t *)ccname,
+						     strlen(ccname)+1);
+			if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		wbc_status = wbcAddNamedBlob(&logoff.num_blobs,
+					     &logoff.blobs,
+					     "flags",
+					     0,
+					     (uint8_t *)&wbc_flags,
+					     sizeof(wbc_flags));
+		if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		wbc_status = wbcAddNamedBlob(&logoff.num_blobs,
+					     &logoff.blobs,
+					     "user_uid",
+					     0,
+					     (uint8_t *)&pwd->pw_uid,
+					     sizeof(pwd->pw_uid));
+		if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		wbc_status = wbcLogoffUserEx(&logoff, &error);
+		retval = wbc_auth_error_to_pam_error(ctx, error, wbc_status,
+						     user, "wbcLogoffUser");
+		wbcFreeMemory(error);
+		wbcFreeMemory(logoff.blobs);
+
+		if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+				 "failed to logoff user %s: %s\n",
+					 user, wbcErrorString(wbc_status));
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (logoff.blobs) {
+		wbcFreeMemory(logoff.blobs);
+	}
+
+	if (!WBC_ERROR_IS_OK(wbc_status)) {
+		retval = wbc_auth_error_to_pam_error(ctx, error, wbc_status,
+		     user, "wbcLogoffUser");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Delete the krb5 ccname variable from the PAM environment
+	 * if it was set by winbind.
+	 */
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_KRB5_AUTH) {
+		pam_putenv(pamh, "KRB5CCNAME");
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE("_pam_delete_cred", ctx, retval);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ctx);
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
+PAM_EXTERN
+int pam_sm_authenticate(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
+			int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *username;
+	const char *password;
+	const char *member = NULL;
+	const char *cctype = NULL;
+	int warn_pwd_expire;
+	int retval = PAM_AUTH_ERR;
+	char *username_ret = NULL;
+	char *new_authtok_required = NULL;
+	char *real_username = NULL;
+	struct pwb_context *ctx = NULL;
+
+	retval = _pam_winbind_init_context(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &ctx);
+	if (retval) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER("pam_sm_authenticate", ctx);
+
+	/* Get the username */
+	retval = pam_get_user(pamh, &username, NULL);
+	if ((retval != PAM_SUCCESS) || (!username)) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "can not get the username");
+		retval = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+
+#if defined(AIX)
+	/* Decode the user name since AIX does not support logn user
+	   names by default.  The name is encoded as _#uid.  */
+
+	if (username[0] == '_') {
+		uid_t id = atoi(&username[1]);
+		struct passwd *pw = NULL;
+
+		if ((id!=0) && ((pw = getpwuid(id)) != NULL)) {
+			real_username = strdup(pw->pw_name);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (!real_username) {
+		/* Just making a copy of the username we got from PAM */
+		if ((real_username = strdup(username)) == NULL) {
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+				       "memory allocation failure when copying "
+				       "username");
+			retval = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Maybe this was a UPN */
+
+	if (strchr(real_username, '@') != NULL) {
+		char *samaccountname = NULL;
+
+		samaccountname = winbind_upn_to_username(ctx,
+							 real_username);
+		if (samaccountname) {
+			free(real_username);
+			real_username = strdup(samaccountname);
+		}
+	}
+
+	retval = _winbind_read_password(ctx, ctx->ctrl, NULL,
+					_("Password: "), NULL,
+					&password);
+
+	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+			 "Could not retrieve user's password");
+		retval = PAM_AUTHTOK_ERR;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Let's not give too much away in the log file */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_PASSWORD
+	_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+		       "Verify user '%s' with password '%s'",
+		       real_username, password);
+#else
+	_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+		       "Verify user '%s'", real_username);
+#endif
+
+	member = get_member_from_config(ctx);
+	cctype = get_krb5_cc_type_from_config(ctx);
+	warn_pwd_expire = get_warn_pwd_expire_from_config(ctx);
+
+	/* Now use the username to look up password */
+	retval = winbind_auth_request(ctx, real_username, password,
+				      member, cctype, warn_pwd_expire,
+				      NULL, NULL, NULL,
+				      NULL, &username_ret);
+
+	if (retval == PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD ||
+	    retval == PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED) {
+
+		char *new_authtok_required_during_auth = NULL;
+
+		new_authtok_required = talloc_asprintf(NULL, "%d", retval);
+		if (!new_authtok_required) {
+			retval = PAM_BUF_ERR;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD,
+			     new_authtok_required,
+			     _pam_winbind_cleanup_func);
+
+		retval = PAM_SUCCESS;
+
+		new_authtok_required_during_auth = talloc_asprintf(NULL, "%d", true);
+		if (!new_authtok_required_during_auth) {
+			retval = PAM_BUF_ERR;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD_DURING_AUTH,
+			     new_authtok_required_during_auth,
+			     _pam_winbind_cleanup_func);
+
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (username_ret) {
+		pam_set_item (pamh, PAM_USER, username_ret);
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+			       "Returned user was '%s'", username_ret);
+		free(username_ret);
+	}
+
+	if (real_username) {
+		free(real_username);
+	}
+
+	if (!new_authtok_required) {
+		pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD, NULL, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (retval != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+		_pam_free_data_info3(pamh);
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE("pam_sm_authenticate", ctx, retval);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ctx);
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
+PAM_EXTERN
+int pam_sm_setcred(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
+		   int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int ret = PAM_SYSTEM_ERR;
+	struct pwb_context *ctx = NULL;
+
+	ret = _pam_winbind_init_context(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &ctx);
+	if (ret) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER("pam_sm_setcred", ctx);
+
+	switch (flags & ~PAM_SILENT) {
+
+		case PAM_DELETE_CRED:
+			ret = _pam_delete_cred(pamh, flags, argc, argv);
+			break;
+		case PAM_REFRESH_CRED:
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_WARNING,
+				       "PAM_REFRESH_CRED not implemented");
+			ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+			break;
+		case PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED:
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_WARNING,
+				       "PAM_REINITIALIZE_CRED not implemented");
+			ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+			break;
+		case PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED:
+			_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_WARNING,
+				       "PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED not implemented");
+			ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+			break;
+		default:
+			ret = PAM_SYSTEM_ERR;
+			break;
+	}
+
+ out:
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE("pam_sm_setcred", ctx, ret);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Account management. We want to verify that the account exists
+ * before returning PAM_SUCCESS
+ */
+PAM_EXTERN
+int pam_sm_acct_mgmt(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
+		   int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *username;
+	int ret = PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+	void *tmp = NULL;
+	struct pwb_context *ctx = NULL;
+
+	ret = _pam_winbind_init_context(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &ctx);
+	if (ret) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER("pam_sm_acct_mgmt", ctx);
+
+
+	/* Get the username */
+	ret = pam_get_user(pamh, &username, NULL);
+	if ((ret != PAM_SUCCESS) || (!username)) {
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG,
+			       "can not get the username");
+		ret = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Verify the username */
+	ret = valid_user(ctx, username);
+	switch (ret) {
+	case -1:
+		/* some sort of system error. The log was already printed */
+		ret = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+		goto out;
+	case 1:
+		/* the user does not exist */
+		_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_NOTICE, "user '%s' not found",
+			       username);
+		if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_UNKNOWN_OK_ARG) {
+			ret = PAM_IGNORE;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		ret = PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+		goto out;
+	case 0:
+		pam_get_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD,
+			     (const void **)&tmp);
+		if (tmp != NULL) {
+			ret = atoi((const char *)tmp);
+			switch (ret) {
+			case PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED:
+				/* fall through, since new token is required in this case */
+			case PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD:
+				_pam_log(ctx, LOG_WARNING,
+					 "pam_sm_acct_mgmt success but %s is set",
+					 PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD);
+				_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+					 "user '%s' needs new password",
+					 username);
+				/* PAM_AUTHTOKEN_REQD does not exist, but is documented in the manpage */
+				ret = PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD;
+				goto out;
+			default:
+				_pam_log(ctx, LOG_WARNING,
+					 "pam_sm_acct_mgmt success");
+				_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+					 "user '%s' granted access", username);
+				ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Otherwise, the authentication looked good */
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+			 "user '%s' granted access", username);
+		ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+		goto out;
+	default:
+		/* we don't know anything about this return value */
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+			 "internal module error (ret = %d, user = '%s')",
+			 ret, username);
+		ret = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* should not be reached */
+	ret = PAM_IGNORE;
+
+ out:
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE("pam_sm_acct_mgmt", ctx, ret);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+PAM_EXTERN
+int pam_sm_open_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
+			int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+	struct pwb_context *ctx = NULL;
+
+	ret = _pam_winbind_init_context(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &ctx);
+	if (ret) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER("pam_sm_open_session", ctx);
+
+	if (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_MKHOMEDIR) {
+		/* check and create homedir */
+		ret = _pam_mkhomedir(ctx);
+	}
+ out:
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE("pam_sm_open_session", ctx, ret);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+PAM_EXTERN
+int pam_sm_close_session(pam_handle_t *pamh, int flags,
+			 int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int ret = PAM_SUCCESS;
+	struct pwb_context *ctx = NULL;
+
+	ret = _pam_winbind_init_context(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &ctx);
+	if (ret) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER("pam_sm_close_session", ctx);
+
+out:
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE("pam_sm_close_session", ctx, ret);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ * evaluate whether we need to re-authenticate with kerberos after a
+ * password change
+ *
+ * @param ctx PAM winbind context.
+ * @param user The username
+ *
+ * @return boolean Returns true if required, false if not.
+ */
+
+static bool _pam_require_krb5_auth_after_chauthtok(struct pwb_context *ctx,
+						   const char *user)
+{
+
+	/* Make sure that we only do this if a) the chauthtok got initiated
+	 * during a logon attempt (authenticate->acct_mgmt->chauthtok) b) any
+	 * later password change via the "passwd" command if done by the user
+	 * itself
+	 * NB. If we login from gdm or xdm and the password expires,
+	 * we change the password, but there is no memory cache.
+	 * Thus, even for passthrough login, we should do the
+	 * authentication again to update memory cache.
+	 * --- BoYang
+	 * */
+
+	char *new_authtok_reqd_during_auth = NULL;
+	struct passwd *pwd = NULL;
+
+	_pam_get_data(ctx->pamh, PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD_DURING_AUTH,
+		      &new_authtok_reqd_during_auth);
+	pam_set_data(ctx->pamh, PAM_WINBIND_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD_DURING_AUTH,
+		     NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (new_authtok_reqd_during_auth) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	pwd = getpwnam(user);
+	if (!pwd) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (getuid() == pwd->pw_uid) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+PAM_EXTERN
+int pam_sm_chauthtok(pam_handle_t * pamh, int flags,
+		     int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned int lctrl;
+	int ret;
+	bool cached_login = false;
+
+	/* <DO NOT free() THESE> */
+	const char *user;
+	char *pass_old, *pass_new;
+	/* </DO NOT free() THESE> */
+
+	char *Announce;
+
+	int retry = 0;
+	char *username_ret = NULL;
+	struct wbcAuthErrorInfo *error = NULL;
+	struct pwb_context *ctx = NULL;
+
+	ret = _pam_winbind_init_context(pamh, flags, argc, argv, &ctx);
+	if (ret) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_ENTER("pam_sm_chauthtok", ctx);
+
+	cached_login = (ctx->ctrl & WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN);
+
+	/* clearing offline bit for auth */
+	ctx->ctrl &= ~WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN;
+
+	/*
+	 * First get the name of a user
+	 */
+	ret = pam_get_user(pamh, &user, _("Username: "));
+	if (ret) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR,
+			 "password - could not identify user");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (user == NULL) {
+		_pam_log(ctx, LOG_ERR, "username was NULL!");
+		ret = PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_DEBUG, "username [%s] obtained", user);
+
+	/* check if this is really a user in winbindd, not only in NSS */
+	ret = valid_user(ctx, user);
+	switch (ret) {
+		case 1:
+			ret = PAM_USER_UNKNOWN;
+			goto out;
+		case -1:
+			ret = PAM_SYSTEM_ERR;
+			goto out;
+		default:
+			break;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * obtain and verify the current password (OLDAUTHTOK) for
+	 * the user.
+	 */
+
+	if (flags & PAM_PRELIM_CHECK) {
+		time_t pwdlastset_prelim = 0;
+
+		/* instruct user what is happening */
+
+#define greeting _("Changing password for")
+		Announce = talloc_asprintf(ctx, "%s %s", greeting, user);
+		if (!Announce) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_CRIT,
+				 "password - out of memory");
+			ret = PAM_BUF_ERR;
+			goto out;
+		}
+#undef greeting
+
+		lctrl = ctx->ctrl | WINBIND__OLD_PASSWORD;
+		ret = _winbind_read_password(ctx, lctrl,
+						Announce,
+						_("(current) NT password: "),
+						NULL,
+						(const char **) &pass_old);
+		TALLOC_FREE(Announce);
+		if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+				 "password - (old) token not obtained");
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* verify that this is the password for this user */
+
+		ret = winbind_auth_request(ctx, user, pass_old,
+					   NULL, NULL, 0,
+					   &error, NULL, NULL,
+					   &pwdlastset_prelim, NULL);
+
+		if (ret != PAM_ACCT_EXPIRED &&
+		    ret != PAM_AUTHTOK_EXPIRED &&
+		    ret != PAM_NEW_AUTHTOK_REQD &&
+		    ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			pass_old = NULL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		pam_set_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_PWD_LAST_SET,
+			     (void *)pwdlastset_prelim, NULL);
+
+		ret = pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_OLDAUTHTOK,
+				   (const void *) pass_old);
+		pass_old = NULL;
+		if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_CRIT,
+				 "failed to set PAM_OLDAUTHTOK");
+		}
+	} else if (flags & PAM_UPDATE_AUTHTOK) {
+
+		time_t pwdlastset_update = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * obtain the proposed password
+		 */
+
+		/*
+		 * get the old token back.
+		 */
+
+		ret = _pam_get_item(pamh, PAM_OLDAUTHTOK, &pass_old);
+
+		if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+			_pam_log(ctx, LOG_NOTICE,
+				 "user not authenticated");
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		lctrl = ctx->ctrl & ~WINBIND_TRY_FIRST_PASS_ARG;
+
+		if (on(WINBIND_USE_AUTHTOK_ARG, lctrl)) {
+			lctrl |= WINBIND_USE_FIRST_PASS_ARG;
+		}
+		retry = 0;
+		ret = PAM_AUTHTOK_ERR;
+		while ((ret != PAM_SUCCESS) && (retry++ < MAX_PASSWD_TRIES)) {
+			/*
+			 * use_authtok is to force the use of a previously entered
+			 * password -- needed for pluggable password strength checking
+			 */
+
+			ret = _winbind_read_password(ctx, lctrl,
+						     NULL,
+						     _("Enter new NT password: "),
+						     _("Retype new NT password: "),
+						     (const char **)&pass_new);
+
+			if (ret != PAM_SUCCESS) {
+				_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_ALERT,
+					       "password - "
+					       "new password not obtained");
+				pass_old = NULL;/* tidy up */
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * At this point we know who the user is and what they
+			 * propose as their new password. Verify that the new
+			 * password is acceptable.
+			 */
+
+			if (pass_new[0] == '\0') {/* "\0" password = NULL */
+				pass_new = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * By reaching here we have approved the passwords and must now
+		 * rebuild the password database file.
+		 */
+		_pam_get_data(pamh, PAM_WINBIND_PWD_LAST_SET,
+			      &pwdlastset_update);
+
+		/*
+		 * if cached creds were enabled, make sure to set the
+		 * WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN bit here in order to have winbindd
+		 * update the cached creds storage - gd
+		 */
+		if (cached_login) {
+			ctx->ctrl |= WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN;
+		}
+
+		ret = winbind_chauthtok_request(ctx, user, pass_old,
+						pass_new, pwdlastset_update);
+		if (ret) {
+			_pam_overwrite(pass_new);
+			_pam_overwrite(pass_old);
+			pass_old = pass_new = NULL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (_pam_require_krb5_auth_after_chauthtok(ctx, user)) {
+
+			const char *member = NULL;
+			const char *cctype = NULL;
+			int warn_pwd_expire;
+			struct wbcLogonUserInfo *info = NULL;
+			struct wbcUserPasswordPolicyInfo *policy = NULL;
+
+			member = get_member_from_config(ctx);
+			cctype = get_krb5_cc_type_from_config(ctx);
+			warn_pwd_expire = get_warn_pwd_expire_from_config(ctx);
+
+			/* Keep WINBIND_CACHED_LOGIN bit for
+			 * authentication after changing the password.
+			 * This will update the cached credentials in case
+			 * that winbindd_dual_pam_chauthtok() fails
+			 * to update them.
+			 * --- BoYang
+			 * */
+
+			ret = winbind_auth_request(ctx, user, pass_new,
+						   member, cctype, 0,
+						   &error, &info, &policy,
+						   NULL, &username_ret);
+			_pam_overwrite(pass_new);
+			_pam_overwrite(pass_old);
+			pass_old = pass_new = NULL;
+
+			if (ret == PAM_SUCCESS) {
+
+				struct wbcAuthUserInfo *user_info = NULL;
+
+				if (info && info->info) {
+					user_info = info->info;
+				}
+
+				/* warn a user if the password is about to
+				 * expire soon */
+				_pam_warn_password_expiry(ctx, user_info, policy,
+							  warn_pwd_expire,
+							  NULL);
+
+				/* set some info3 info for other modules in the
+				 * stack */
+				_pam_set_data_info3(ctx, user_info);
+
+				/* put krb5ccname into env */
+				_pam_setup_krb5_env(ctx, info);
+
+				if (username_ret) {
+					pam_set_item(pamh, PAM_USER,
+						     username_ret);
+					_pam_log_debug(ctx, LOG_INFO,
+						       "Returned user was '%s'",
+						       username_ret);
+					free(username_ret);
+				}
+
+				wbcFreeMemory(info);
+				wbcFreeMemory(policy);
+			}
+
+			goto out;
+		}
+	} else {
+		ret = PAM_SERVICE_ERR;
+	}
+
+out:
+	{
+		/* Deal with offline errors. */
+		int i;
+		const char *codes[] = {
+			"NT_STATUS_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER_NOT_FOUND",
+			"NT_STATUS_NO_LOGON_SERVERS",
+			"NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED"
+		};
+
+		for (i=0; i<ARRAY_SIZE(codes); i++) {
+			int _ret;
+			if (_pam_check_remark_auth_err(ctx, error, codes[i], &_ret)) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	wbcFreeMemory(error);
+
+	_PAM_LOG_FUNCTION_LEAVE("pam_sm_chauthtok", ctx, ret);
+
+	TALLOC_FREE(ctx);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#ifdef PAM_STATIC
+
+/* static module data */
+
+struct pam_module _pam_winbind_modstruct = {
+	MODULE_NAME,
+	pam_sm_authenticate,
+	pam_sm_setcred,
+	pam_sm_acct_mgmt,
+	pam_sm_open_session,
+	pam_sm_close_session,
+	pam_sm_chauthtok
+};
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Andrew Tridgell  <tridge@samba.org>   2000
+ * Copyright (c) Tim Potter       <tpot@samba.org>     2000
+ * Copyright (c) Andrew Bartlettt <abartlet@samba.org> 2002
+ * Copyright (c) Guenther Deschner <gd@samba.org>      2005-2008
+ * Copyright (c) Jan Rêkorajski 1999.
+ * Copyright (c) Andrew G. Morgan 1996-8.
+ * Copyright (c) Alex O. Yuriev, 1996.
+ * Copyright (c) Cristian Gafton 1996.
+ * Copyright (C) Elliot Lee <sopwith@redhat.com> 1996, Red Hat Software.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, and the entire permission notice in its entirety,
+ *    including the disclaimer of warranties.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
+ *    products derived from this software without specific prior
+ *    written permission.
+ *
+ * ALTERNATIVELY, this product may be distributed under the terms of
+ * the GNU Public License, in which case the provisions of the GPL are
+ * required INSTEAD OF the above restrictions.  (This clause is
+ * necessary due to a potential bad interaction between the GPL and
+ * the restrictions contained in a BSD-style copyright.)
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED `AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
+ * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
+ * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
+ * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */