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diff --git a/docs/htmldocs/ServerType.html b/docs/htmldocs/ServerType.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..09e3db3d22 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/htmldocs/ServerType.html @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 4. Server Types and Security Modes</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.60.1"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="SAMBA Project Documentation"><link rel="up" href="type.html" title="Part II. Server Configuration Basics"><link rel="previous" href="type.html" title="Part II. Server Configuration Basics"><link rel="next" href="samba-pdc.html" title="Chapter 5. Domain Control"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 4. Server Types and Security Modes</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="type.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. Server Configuration Basics</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="samba-pdc.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="ServerType"></a>Chapter 4. Server Types and Security Modes</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Andrew</span> <span class="surname">Tridgell</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:tridge@samba.org">tridge@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jelmer</span> <span class="othername">R.</span> <span class="surname">Vernooij</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">The Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jelmer@samba.org">jelmer@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><tt class="email"><<a href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></tt></p></div></div></div></div></div><div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2889441">Features and Benefits</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2889533">Server Types</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2889614">Samba Security Modes</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2886042">User Level Security</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2886175">Share Level Security</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2887246">Domain Security Mode (User Level Security)</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2887488">ADS Security Mode (User Level Security)</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2887572">Server Security (User Level Security)</a></dt></dl></dd><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2887797">Seamless Windows Network Integration</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2887974">Common Errors</a></dt><dd><dl><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2888002">What makes Samba a SERVER?</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2888035">What makes Samba a Domain Controller?</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2888063">What makes Samba a Domain Member?</a></dt><dt><a href="ServerType.html#id2889975">Constantly Losing Connections to Password Server</a></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> +This chapter provides information regarding the types of server that Samba may be +configured to be. A Microsoft network administrator who wishes to migrate to or to +use Samba will want to know what, within a Samba context, terms familiar to MS Windows +adminstrator mean. This means that it is essential also to define how critical security +modes function BEFORE we get into the details of how to configure the server itself. +</p><p> +The chapter provides an overview of the security modes of which Samba is capable +and how these relate to MS Windows servers and clients. +</p><p> +Firstly we should recognise the question so often asked, "Why would I want to use Samba?" +So, in those chapters where the answer may be important you will see a section that highlights +features and benefits. These may be for or against Samba. +</p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2889441"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Two men were walking down a dusty road, when one suddenly kicked up a small red stone. It +hurt his toe and lodged in his sandle. He took the stone out and cursed it with a passion +and fury fitting his anguish. The other looked at the stone and said, that is a garnet - I +can turn that into a precious gem and some day it will make a princess very happy! +</p><p> +The moral of this tale: Two men, two very different perspectives regarding the same stone. +Like it or not, Samba is like that stone. Treat it the right way and it can bring great +pleasure, but if you are forced upon it and have no time for its secrets then it can be +a source of discomfort. +</p><p> +Samba started out as a project that sought to provide interoperability for MS Windows 3.x +clients with a Unix server. It has grown up a lot since its humble beginnings and now provides +features and functionality fit for large scale deployment. It also has some warts. In sections +like this one we will tell of both. +</p><p> +So now, what are the benefits of features mentioned in this chapter? +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> + Samba-3 can replace an MS Windows NT4 Domain Controller + </p></li><li><p> + Samba-3 offers excellent interoperability with MS Windows NT4 + style domains as well as natively with Microsoft Active + Directory domains. + </p></li><li><p> + Samba-3 permits full NT4 style Interdomain Trusts + </p></li><li><p> + Samba has security modes that permit more flexible + authentication than is possible with MS Windows NT4 Domain Controllers. + </p></li><li><p> + Samba-3 permits use of multiple account database backends + </p></li><li><p> + The account (password) database backends can be distributed + and replicated using multiple methods. This gives Samba-3 + greater flexibility than MS Windows NT4 and in many cases a + significantly higher utility than Active Directory domains + with MS Windows 200x. + </p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2889533"></a>Server Types</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p>Adminstrators of Microsoft networks often refer to three +different type of servers:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Domain Controller</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Primary Domain Controller</td></tr><tr><td>Backup Domain Controller</td></tr><tr><td>ADS Domain Controller</td></tr></table></li><li><p>Domain Member Server</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Active Directory Member Server</td></tr><tr><td>NT4 Style Domain Member Server</td></tr></table></li><li><p>Stand Alone Server</p></li></ul></div><p> +The chapters covering Domain Control, Backup Domain Control and Domain Membership provide +pertinent information regarding Samba-3 configuration for each of these server roles. +The reader is strongly encouraged to become intimately familiar with the information +presented. +</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2889614"></a>Samba Security Modes</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +In this section the function and purpose of Samba's <i class="parameter"><tt>security</tt></i> +modes are described. An accurate understanding of how Samba implements each security +mode as well as how to configure MS Windows clients for each mode will significantly +reduce user complaints and administrator heartache. +</p><p> +In the SMB/CIFS networking world, there are only two types of security: <span class="emphasis"><em>USER Level</em></span> +and <span class="emphasis"><em>SHARE Level</em></span>. We refer to these collectively as <span class="emphasis"><em>security levels</em></span>. In implementing these two <span class="emphasis"><em>security levels</em></span> Samba provides flexibilities +that are not available with Microsoft Windows NT4 / 200x servers. Samba knows of five (5) +ways that allow the security levels to be implemented. In actual fact, Samba implements +<span class="emphasis"><em>SHARE Level</em></span> security only one way, but has four ways of implementing +<span class="emphasis"><em>USER Level</em></span> security. Collectively, we call the Samba implementations +<span class="emphasis"><em>Security Modes</em></span>. These are: <span class="emphasis"><em>SHARE</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>USER</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>DOMAIN</em></span>, +<span class="emphasis"><em>ADS</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>SERVER</em></span> +modes. They are documented in this chapter. +</p><p> +A SMB server tells the client at startup what <i class="parameter"><tt>security level</tt></i> +it is running. There are two options: <span class="emphasis"><em>share level</em></span> and +<span class="emphasis"><em>user level</em></span>. Which of these two the client receives affects +the way the client then tries to authenticate itself. It does not directly affect +(to any great extent) the way the Samba server does security. This may sound strange, +but it fits in with the client/server approach of SMB. In SMB everything is initiated +and controlled by the client, and the server can only tell the client what is +available and whether an action is allowed. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2886042"></a>User Level Security</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +We will describe <i class="parameter"><tt>user level</tt></i> security first, as it's simpler. +In <span class="emphasis"><em>user level</em></span> security, the client will send a +<span class="emphasis"><em>session setup</em></span> command directly after the protocol negotiation. +This contains a username and password. The server can either accept or reject that +username/password combination. Note that at this stage the server has no idea what +share the client will eventually try to connect to, so it can't base the +<span class="emphasis"><em>accept/reject</em></span> on anything other than: +</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p>The username/password</p></li><li><p>The name of the client machine</p></li></ol></div><p> +If the server accepts the username/password then the client expects to be able to +mount shares (using a <span class="emphasis"><em>tree connection</em></span>) without specifying a +password. It expects that all access rights will be as the username/password +specified in the <span class="emphasis"><em>session setup</em></span>. +</p><p> +It is also possible for a client to send multiple <span class="emphasis"><em>session setup</em></span> +requests. When the server responds, it gives the client a <span class="emphasis"><em>uid</em></span> to use +as an authentication tag for that username/password. The client can maintain multiple +authentication contexts in this way (WinDD is an example of an application that does this). +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2886136"></a>Example Configuration</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> parameter that sets <span class="emphasis"><em>User Level Security</em></span> is: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + security = user +</pre><p> +This is the default setting since samba-2.2.x. +</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2886175"></a>Share Level Security</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Ok, now for share level security. In share level security, the client authenticates +itself separately for each share. It will send a password along with each +<span class="emphasis"><em>tree connection</em></span> (share mount). It does not explicitly send a +username with this operation. The client expects a password to be associated +with each share, independent of the user. This means that Samba has to work out what +username the client probably wants to use. It is never explicitly sent the username. +Some commercial SMB servers such as NT actually associate passwords directly with +shares in share level security, but Samba always uses the unix authentication scheme +where it is a username/password pair that is authenticated, not a share/password pair. +</p><p> +To gain understanding of the MS Windows networking parallels to this, one should think +in terms of MS Windows 9x/Me where one can create a shared folder that provides read-only +or full access, with or without a password. +</p><p> +Many clients send a <span class="emphasis"><em>session setup</em></span> even if the server is in share +level security. They normally send a valid username but no password. Samba records +this username in a list of <span class="emphasis"><em>possible usernames</em></span>. When the client +then does a <span class="emphasis"><em>tree connection</em></span> it also adds to this list the name +of the share they try to connect to (useful for home directories) and any users +listed in the <i class="parameter"><tt>user =</tt></i> <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> line. The password is then checked +in turn against these <span class="emphasis"><em>possible usernames</em></span>. If a match is found +then the client is authenticated as that user. +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2886255"></a>Example Configuration</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> parameter that sets <span class="emphasis"><em>Share Level Security</em></span> is: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + security = share +</pre><p> +Please note that there are reports that recent MS Windows clients do not like to work +with share mode security servers. You are strongly discouraged from using share level security. +</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2887246"></a>Domain Security Mode (User Level Security)</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +When Samba is operating in <i class="parameter"><tt>security = domain</tt></i> mode, +the Samba server has a domain security trust account (a machine account) and will cause +all authentication requests to be passed through to the domain controllers. +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2887268"></a>Example Configuration</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p><span class="emphasis"><em> +Samba as a Domain Member Server +</em></span></p><p> +This method involves addition of the following parameters in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + security = domain + workgroup = "name_of_NT_domain" +</pre><p> +In order for this method to work, the Samba server needs to join the MS Windows NT +security domain. This is done as follows: +</p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p>On the MS Windows NT domain controller, using + the Server Manager, add a machine account for the Samba server. + </p></li><li><p>Next, on the Unix/Linux system execute:</p><p><tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbpasswd -j DOMAIN_NAME -r PDC_NAME</tt></b> (samba-2.x)</p><p><tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net join -U administrator%password</tt></b> (samba-3)</p></li></ol></div><div xmlns:ns4="" class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><ns4:p> +As of Samba-2.2.4 the Samba 2.2.x series can auto-join a Windows NT4 style Domain just +by executing: +</ns4:p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>smbpasswd -j <i class="replaceable"><tt>DOMAIN_NAME</tt></i> -r <i class="replaceable"><tt>PDC_NAME</tt></i> -U Administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>password</tt></i></tt></b> +</pre><ns4:p> + +As of Samba-3 the same can be done by executing: +</ns4:p><pre class="screen"> +<tt class="prompt">root# </tt><b class="userinput"><tt>net join -U Administrator%<i class="replaceable"><tt>password</tt></i></tt></b> +</pre><ns4:p> +It is not necessary with Samba-3 to specify the <i class="replaceable"><tt>DOMAIN_NAME</tt></i> or the <i class="replaceable"><tt>PDC_NAME</tt></i> as it +figures this out from the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file settings. +</ns4:p></div><p> +Use of this mode of authentication does require there to be a standard Unix account +for each user in order to assign a uid once the account has been authenticated by +the remote Windows DC. This account can be blocked to prevent logons by clients other than +MS Windows through things such as setting an invalid shell in the +<tt class="filename">/etc/passwd</tt> entry. +</p><p> +An alternative to assigning UIDs to Windows users on a Samba member server is +presented in the <a href="winbind.html" title="Chapter 21. Integrated Logon Support using Winbind">Winbind Overview</a> chapter +in this HOWTO collection. +</p><p> +For more information of being a domain member, see the <a href="domain-member.html" title="Chapter 7. Domain Membership">Domain +Member</a> section of this Howto. +</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2887488"></a>ADS Security Mode (User Level Security)</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Both Samba 2.2 and 3.0 can join an Active Directory domain. This is +possible even if the domain is run in native mode. Active Directory in +native mode perfectly allows NT4-style domain members, contrary to +popular belief. The only thing that Active Directory in native mode +prohibits is Backup Domain Controllers running NT4. +</p><p> +If you are running Active Directory starting with Samba 3.0 you can +however join as a native AD member. Why would you want to do that? +Your security policy might prohibit the use of NT-compatible +authentication protocols. All your machines are running Windows 2000 +and above and all use full Kerberos. In this case Samba as a NT4-style +domain would still require NT-compatible authentication data. Samba in +AD-member mode can accept Kerberos. +</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2887519"></a>Example Configuration</h4></div></div><div></div></div><pre class="programlisting"> + realm = your.kerberos.REALM + security = ADS +</pre><p> + The following parameter may be required: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + ads server = your.kerberos.server +</pre><p> +Please refer to the <a href="domain-member.html" title="Chapter 7. Domain Membership">Domain Membership</a> and <a href="domain-member.html#ads-member" title="Samba ADS Domain Membership">Active Directory +Membership</a> sections for more information regarding this configuration option. +</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2887572"></a>Server Security (User Level Security)</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Server security mode is a left over from the time when Samba was not capable of acting +as a domain member server. It is highly recommended NOT to use this feature. Server +security mode has many draw backs. The draw backs include: +</p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>Potential Account Lockout on MS Windows NT4/200x password servers</td></tr><tr><td>Lack of assurance that the password server is the one specified</td></tr><tr><td>Does not work with Winbind, particularly needed when storing profiles remotely</td></tr><tr><td>This mode may open connections to the password server, and keep them open for extended periods.</td></tr><tr><td>Security on the Samba server breaks badly when the remote password server suddenly shuts down</td></tr><tr><td>With this mode there is NO security account in the domain that the password server belongs to for the Samba server.</td></tr></table><p> +In server security mode the Samba server reports to the client that it is in user level +security. The client then does a <span class="emphasis"><em>session setup</em></span> as described earlier. +The Samba server takes the username/password that the client sends and attempts to login to the +<i class="parameter"><tt>password server</tt></i> by sending exactly the same username/password that +it got from the client. If that server is in user level security and accepts the password, +then Samba accepts the clients connection. This allows the Samba server to use another SMB +server as the <i class="parameter"><tt>password server</tt></i>. +</p><p> +You should also note that at the very start of all this, where the server tells the client +what security level it is in, it also tells the client if it supports encryption. If it +does then it supplies the client with a random cryptkey. The client will then send all +passwords in encrypted form. Samba supports this type of encryption by default. +</p><p> +The parameter <i class="parameter"><tt>security = server</tt></i> means that Samba reports to clients that +it is running in <span class="emphasis"><em>user mode</em></span> but actually passes off all authentication +requests to another <span class="emphasis"><em>user mode</em></span> server. This requires an additional +parameter <i class="parameter"><tt>password server</tt></i> that points to the real authentication server. +That real authentication server can be another Samba server or can be a Windows NT server, +the later natively capable of encrypted password support. +</p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> +When Samba is running in <span class="emphasis"><em>server security mode</em></span> it is essential that +the parameter <span class="emphasis"><em>password server</em></span> is set to the precise NetBIOS machine +name of the target authentication server. Samba can NOT determine this from NetBIOS name +lookups because the choice of the target authentication server is arbitrary and can not +be determined from a domain name. In essence, a Samba server that is in +<span class="emphasis"><em>server security mode</em></span> is operating in what used to be known as +workgroup mode. +</p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2887729"></a>Example Configuration</h4></div></div><div></div></div><p><span class="emphasis"><em> +Using MS Windows NT as an authentication server +</em></span></p><p> +This method involves the additions of the following parameters in the <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> file: +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + encrypt passwords = Yes + security = server + password server = "NetBIOS_name_of_a_DC" +</pre><p> +There are two ways of identifying whether or not a username and password pair was valid +or not. One uses the reply information provided as part of the authentication messaging +process, the other uses just an error code. +</p><p> +The down-side of this mode of configuration is the fact that for security reasons Samba +will send the password server a bogus username and a bogus password and if the remote +server fails to reject the username and password pair then an alternative mode of +identification of validation is used. Where a site uses password lock out after a +certain number of failed authentication attempts this will result in user lockouts. +</p><p> +Use of this mode of authentication does require there to be a standard Unix account +for the user, though this account can be blocked to prevent logons by non-SMB/CIFS clients. +</p></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2887797"></a>Seamless Windows Network Integration</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +MS Windows clients may use encrypted passwords as part of a challenge/response +authentication model (a.k.a. NTLMv1 and NTLMv2) or alone, or clear text strings for simple +password based authentication. It should be realized that with the SMB protocol, +the password is passed over the network either in plain text or encrypted, but +not both in the same authentication request. +</p><p> +When encrypted passwords are used, a password that has been entered by the user +is encrypted in two ways: +</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>An MD4 hash of the UNICODE of the password + string. This is known as the NT hash. + </p></li><li><p>The password is converted to upper case, + and then padded or trucated to 14 bytes. This string is + then appended with 5 bytes of NULL characters and split to + form two 56 bit DES keys to encrypt a "magic" 8 byte value. + The resulting 16 bytes form the LanMan hash. + </p></li></ul></div><p> +MS Windows 95 pre-service pack 1, MS Windows NT versions 3.x and version 4.0 +pre-service pack 3 will use either mode of password authentication. All +versions of MS Windows that follow these versions no longer support plain +text passwords by default. +</p><p> +MS Windows clients have a habit of dropping network mappings that have been idle +for 10 minutes or longer. When the user attempts to use the mapped drive +connection that has been dropped, the client re-establishes the connection using +a cached copy of the password. +</p><p> +When Microsoft changed the default password mode, support was dropped for caching +of the plain text password. This means that when the registry parameter is changed +to re-enable use of plain text passwords it appears to work, but when a dropped +service connection mapping attempts to revalidate it will fail if the remote +authentication server does not support encrypted passwords. This means that it +is definitely not a good idea to re-enable plain text password support in such clients. +</p><p> +The following parameters can be used to work around the issue of Windows 9x clients +upper casing usernames and password before transmitting them to the SMB server +when using clear text authentication. +</p><pre class="programlisting"> + <a href="smb.conf.5.html#PASSWORDLEVEL" target="_top">passsword level</a> = <i class="replaceable"><tt>integer</tt></i> + <a href="smb.conf.5.html#USERNAMELEVEL" target="_top">username level</a> = <i class="replaceable"><tt>integer</tt></i> +</pre><p> +By default Samba will lower case the username before attempting to lookup the user +in the database of local system accounts. Because UNIX usernames conventionally +only contain lower case character, the <i class="parameter"><tt>username level</tt></i> parameter +is rarely needed. +</p><p> +However, passwords on UNIX systems often make use of mixed case characters. +This means that in order for a user on a Windows 9x client to connect to a Samba +server using clear text authentication, the <i class="parameter"><tt>password level</tt></i> +must be set to the maximum number of upper case letter which <span class="emphasis"><em>could</em></span> +appear is a password. Note that the server OS uses the traditional DES version +of crypt(), a <i class="parameter"><tt>password level</tt></i> of 8 will result in case +insensitive passwords as seen from Windows users. This will also result in longer +login times as Samba has to compute the permutations of the password string and +try them one by one until a match is located (or all combinations fail). +</p><p> +The best option to adopt is to enable support for encrypted passwords where ever +Samba is used. Most attempts to apply the registry change to re-enable plain text +passwords will eventually lead to user complaints and unhappiness. +</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2887974"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div><div></div></div><p> +We all make mistakes. It is Ok to make mistakes, so long as they are made in the right places +and at the right time. A mistake that causes lost productivity is seldom tolerated. A mistake +made in a developmental test lab is expected. +</p><p> +Here we look at common mistakes and misapprehensions that have been the subject of discussions +on the Samba mailing lists. Many of these are avoidable by doing you homework before attempting +a Samba implementation. Some are the result of misundertanding of the English language. The +English language has many turns of phrase that are potentially vague and may be highly confusing +to those for whom English is not their native tongue. +</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2888002"></a>What makes Samba a SERVER?</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +To some the nature of the Samba <span class="emphasis"><em>security</em></span> mode is very obvious, but entirely +wrong all the same. It is assumed that <i class="parameter"><tt>security = server</tt></i> means that Samba +will act as a server. Not so! See above - this setting means that Samba will <span class="emphasis"><em>try</em></span> +to use another SMB server as its source of user authentication alone. +</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2888035"></a>What makes Samba a Domain Controller?</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +The <tt class="filename">smb.conf</tt> parameter <i class="parameter"><tt>security = domain</tt></i> does NOT really make Samba behave +as a Domain Controller! This setting means we want Samba to be a domain member! +</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2888063"></a>What makes Samba a Domain Member?</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Guess! So many others do. But whatever you do, do NOT think that <i class="parameter"><tt>security = user</tt></i> +makes Samba act as a domain member. Read the manufacturers manual before the warranty expires! See +the <a href="domain-member.html" title="Chapter 7. Domain Membership">Domain Member</a> section of this Howto for more information. +</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2889975"></a>Constantly Losing Connections to Password Server</h3></div></div><div></div></div><p> +Why does server_validate() simply give up rather than re-establishing its connection to the +password server? Though I am not fluent in the SMB protocol, perhaps the cluster server +process passes along to its client workstation the session key it receives from the password +server, which means the password hashes submitted by the client would not work on a subsequent +connection, whose session key would be different. So server_validate() must give up. +</p><p> +Indeed. That's why security = server is at best a nasty hack. Please use security = domain. +<i class="parameter"><tt>security = server</tt></i> mode is also known as pass-through authentication. +</p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="type.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="type.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="samba-pdc.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Part II. Server Configuration Basics </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 5. Domain Control</td></tr></table></div></body></html> |