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-#ifndef UBI_BINTREE_H
-#define UBI_BINTREE_H
-/* ========================================================================== **
- * ubi_BinTree.h
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1991-1998 by Christopher R. Hertel
- *
- * Email: crh@ubiqx.mn.org
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- *
- * This module implements a simple binary tree.
- *
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- * Library General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
- * Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- *
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- *
- * Log: ubi_BinTree.h,v
- * Revision 4.12 2004/06/06 04:51:56 crh
- * Fixed a small typo in ubi_BinTree.c (leftover testing cruft).
- * Did a small amount of formatting touchup to ubi_BinTree.h.
- *
- * Revision 4.11 2004/06/06 03:14:09 crh
- * Rewrote the ubi_btLeafNode() function. It now takes several paths in an
- * effort to find a deeper leaf node. There is a small amount of extra
- * overhead, but it is limited.
- *
- * Revision 4.10 2000/06/06 20:38:40 crh
- * In the ReplaceNode() function, the old node header was being copied
- * to the new node header using a byte-by-byte copy. This was causing
- * the 'insure' software testing program to report a memory leak. The
- * fix was to do a simple assignement: *newnode = *oldnode;
- * This quieted the (errant) memory leak reports and is probably a bit
- * faster than the bytewise copy.
- *
- * Revision 4.9 2000/01/08 23:24:30 crh
- * Clarified a variety of if( pointer ) lines, replacing them with
- * if( NULL != pointer ). This is more correct, and I have heard
- * of at least one (obscure?) system out there that uses a non-zero
- * value for NULL.
- * Also, speed improvement in Neighbor(). It was comparing pointers
- * when it could have compared two gender values. The pointer
- * comparison was somewhat indirect (does pointer equal the pointer
- * of the parent of the node pointed to by pointer). Urq.
- *
- * Revision 4.8 1999/09/22 03:40:30 crh
- * Modified ubi_btTraverse() and ubi_btKillTree(). They now return an
- * unsigned long indicating the number of nodes processed. The change
- * is subtle. An empty tree formerly returned False, and now returns
- * zero.
- *
- * Revision 4.7 1998/10/21 06:15:07 crh
- * Fixed bugs in FirstOf() and LastOf() reported by Massimo Campostrini.
- * See function comments.
- *
- * Revision 4.6 1998/07/25 17:02:10 crh
- * Added the ubi_trNewTree() macro.
- *
- * Revision 4.5 1998/06/04 21:29:27 crh
- * Upper-cased defined constants (eg UBI_BINTREE_H) in some header files.
- * This is more "standard", and is what people expect. Weird, eh?
- *
- * Revision 4.4 1998/06/03 17:42:46 crh
- * Further fiddling with sys_include.h. It's now in ubi_BinTree.h which is
- * included by all of the binary tree files.
- *
- * Reminder: Some of the ubi_tr* macros in ubi_BinTree.h are redefined in
- * ubi_AVLtree.h and ubi_SplayTree.h. This allows easy swapping
- * of tree types by simply changing a header. Unfortunately, the
- * macro redefinitions in ubi_AVLtree.h and ubi_SplayTree.h will
- * conflict if used together. You must either choose a single tree
- * type, or use the underlying function calls directly. Compare
- * the two header files for more information.
- *
- * Revision 4.3 1998/06/02 01:28:43 crh
- * Changed ubi_null.h to sys_include.h to make it more generic.
- *
- * Revision 4.2 1998/05/20 04:32:36 crh
- * The C file now includes ubi_null.h. See ubi_null.h for more info.
- * Also, the balance and gender fields of the node were declared as
- * signed char. As I understand it, at least one SunOS or Solaris
- * compiler doesn't like "signed char". The declarations were
- * wrong anyway, so I changed them to simple "char".
- *
- * Revision 4.1 1998/03/31 06:13:47 crh
- * Thomas Aglassinger sent E'mail pointing out errors in the
- * dereferencing of function pointers, and a missing typecast.
- * Thanks, Thomas!
- *
- * Revision 4.0 1998/03/10 03:16:04 crh
- * Added the AVL field 'balance' to the ubi_btNode structure. This means
- * that all BinTree modules now use the same basic node structure, which
- * greatly simplifies the AVL module.
- * Decided that this was a big enough change to justify a new major revision
- * number. 3.0 was an error, so we're at 4.0.
- *
- * Revision 2.6 1998/01/24 06:27:30 crh
- * Added ubi_trCount() macro.
- *
- * Revision 2.5 1997/12/23 03:59:21 crh
- * In this version, all constants & macros defined in the header file have
- * the ubi_tr prefix. Also cleaned up anything that gcc complained about
- * when run with '-pedantic -fsyntax-only -Wall'.
- *
- * Revision 2.4 1997/07/26 04:11:14 crh
- * + Just to be annoying I changed ubi_TRUE and ubi_FALSE to ubi_trTRUE
- * and ubi_trFALSE.
- * + There is now a type ubi_trBool to go with ubi_trTRUE and ubi_trFALSE.
- * + There used to be something called "ubi_TypeDefs.h". I got rid of it.
- * + Added function ubi_btLeafNode().
- *
- * Revision 2.3 1997/06/03 05:15:27 crh
- * Changed TRUE and FALSE to ubi_TRUE and ubi_FALSE to avoid conflicts.
- * Also changed the interface to function InitTree(). See the comments
- * for this function for more information.
- *
- * Revision 2.2 1995/10/03 22:00:40 CRH
- * Ubisized!
- *
- * Revision 2.1 95/03/09 23:43:46 CRH
- * Added the ModuleID static string and function. These modules are now
- * self-identifying.
- *
- * Revision 2.0 95/02/27 22:00:33 CRH
- * Revision 2.0 of this program includes the following changes:
- *
- * 1) A fix to a major typo in the RepaceNode() function.
- * 2) The addition of the static function Border().
- * 3) The addition of the public functions FirstOf() and LastOf(), which
- * use Border(). These functions are used with trees that allow
- * duplicate keys.
- * 4) A complete rewrite of the Locate() function. Locate() now accepts
- * a "comparison" operator.
- * 5) Overall enhancements to both code and comments.
- *
- * I decided to give this a new major rev number because the interface has
- * changed. In particular, there are two new functions, and changes to the
- * Locate() function.
- *
- * Revision 1.0 93/10/15 22:55:04 CRH
- * With this revision, I have added a set of #define's that provide a single,
- * standard API to all existing tree modules. Until now, each of the three
- * existing modules had a different function and typedef prefix, as follows:
- *
- * Module Prefix
- * ubi_BinTree ubi_bt
- * ubi_AVLtree ubi_avl
- * ubi_SplayTree ubi_spt
- *
- * To further complicate matters, only those portions of the base module
- * (ubi_BinTree) that were superceeded in the new module had the new names.
- * For example, if you were using ubi_SplayTree, the locate function was
- * called "ubi_sptLocate", but the next and previous functions remained
- * "ubi_btNext" and "ubi_btPrev".
- *
- * This was not too terrible if you were familiar with the modules and knew
- * exactly which tree model you wanted to use. If you wanted to be able to
- * change modules (for speed comparisons, etc), things could get messy very
- * quickly.
- *
- * So, I have added a set of defined names that get redefined in any of the
- * descendant modules. To use this standardized interface in your code,
- * simply replace all occurances of "ubi_bt", "ubi_avl", and "ubi_spt" with
- * "ubi_tr". The "ubi_tr" names will resolve to the correct function or
- * datatype names for the module that you are using. Just remember to
- * include the header for that module in your program file. Because these
- * names are handled by the preprocessor, there is no added run-time
- * overhead.
- *
- * Note that the original names do still exist, and can be used if you wish
- * to write code directly to a specific module. This should probably only be
- * done if you are planning to implement a new descendant type, such as
- * red/black trees. CRH
- *
- * V0.0 - June, 1991 - Written by Christopher R. Hertel (CRH).
- *
- * ========================================================================== **
- */
-
-#include "sys_include.h" /* Global include file, used to adapt the ubiqx
- * modules to the host environment and the project
- * with which the modules will be used. See
- * sys_include.h for more info.
- */
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * Macros and constants.
- *
- * General purpose:
- * ubi_trTRUE - Boolean TRUE.
- * ubi_trFALSE - Boolean FALSE.
- *
- * Flags used in the tree header:
- * ubi_trOVERWRITE - This flag indicates that an existing node may be
- * overwritten by a new node with a matching key.
- * ubi_trDUPKEY - This flag indicates that the tree allows duplicate
- * keys. If the tree does allow duplicates, the
- * overwrite flag is ignored.
- *
- * Node link array index constants: (Each node has an array of three
- * pointers. One to the left, one to the right, and one back to the
- * parent.)
- * ubi_trLEFT - Left child pointer.
- * ubi_trPARENT - Parent pointer.
- * ubi_trRIGHT - Right child pointer.
- * ubi_trEQUAL - Synonym for PARENT.
- *
- * ubi_trCompOps: These values are used in the ubi_trLocate() function.
- * ubi_trLT - request the first instance of the greatest key less than
- * the search key.
- * ubi_trLE - request the first instance of the greatest key that is less
- * than or equal to the search key.
- * ubi_trEQ - request the first instance of key that is equal to the
- * search key.
- * ubi_trGE - request the first instance of a key that is greater than
- * or equal to the search key.
- * ubi_trGT - request the first instance of the first key that is greater
- * than the search key.
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-#define ubi_trTRUE 0xFF
-#define ubi_trFALSE 0x00
-
-#define ubi_trOVERWRITE 0x01 /* Turn on allow overwrite */
-#define ubi_trDUPKEY 0x02 /* Turn on allow duplicate keys */
-
-/* Pointer array index constants... */
-#define ubi_trLEFT 0x00
-#define ubi_trPARENT 0x01
-#define ubi_trRIGHT 0x02
-#define ubi_trEQUAL ubi_trPARENT
-
-typedef enum {
- ubi_trLT = 1,
- ubi_trLE,
- ubi_trEQ,
- ubi_trGE,
- ubi_trGT
- } ubi_trCompOps;
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * These three macros allow simple manipulation of pointer index values (LEFT,
- * RIGHT, and PARENT).
- *
- * Normalize() - converts {LEFT, PARENT, RIGHT} into {-1, 0 ,1}. C
- * uses {negative, zero, positive} values to indicate
- * {less than, equal to, greater than}.
- * AbNormal() - converts {negative, zero, positive} to {LEFT, PARENT,
- * RIGHT} (opposite of Normalize()). Note: C comparison
- * functions, such as strcmp(), return {negative, zero,
- * positive} values, which are not necessarily {-1, 0,
- * 1}. This macro uses the the ubi_btSgn() function to
- * compensate.
- * RevWay() - converts LEFT to RIGHT and RIGHT to LEFT. PARENT (EQUAL)
- * is left as is.
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-#define ubi_trNormalize(W) ((char)( (W) - ubi_trEQUAL ))
-#define ubi_trAbNormal(W) ((char)( ((char)ubi_btSgn( (long)(W) )) \
- + ubi_trEQUAL ))
-#define ubi_trRevWay(W) ((char)( ubi_trEQUAL - ((W) - ubi_trEQUAL) ))
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * These macros allow us to quickly read the values of the OVERWRITE and
- * DUPlicate KEY bits of the tree root flags field.
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-#define ubi_trDups_OK(A) \
- ((ubi_trDUPKEY & ((A)->flags))?(ubi_trTRUE):(ubi_trFALSE))
-#define ubi_trOvwt_OK(A) \
- ((ubi_trOVERWRITE & ((A)->flags))?(ubi_trTRUE):(ubi_trFALSE))
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * Additional Macros...
- *
- * ubi_trCount() - Given a pointer to a tree root, this macro returns the
- * number of nodes currently in the tree.
- *
- * ubi_trNewTree() - This macro makes it easy to declare and initialize a
- * tree header in one step. The line
- *
- * static ubi_trNewTree( MyTree, cmpfn, ubi_trDUPKEY );
- *
- * is equivalent to
- *
- * static ubi_trRoot MyTree[1]
- * = {{ NULL, cmpfn, 0, ubi_trDUPKEY }};
- *
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-#define ubi_trCount( R ) (((ubi_trRootPtr)(R))->count)
-
-#define ubi_trNewTree( N, C, F ) ubi_trRoot (N)[1] = {{ NULL, (C), 0, (F) }}
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * Typedefs...
- *
- * ubi_trBool - Your typcial true or false...
- *
- * Item Pointer: The ubi_btItemPtr is a generic pointer. It is used to
- * indicate a key that is being searched for within the tree.
- * Searching occurs whenever the ubi_trFind(), ubi_trLocate(),
- * or ubi_trInsert() functions are called.
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-typedef unsigned char ubi_trBool;
-
-typedef void *ubi_btItemPtr; /* A pointer to key data within a node. */
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * Binary Tree Node Structure: This structure defines the basic elements of
- * the tree nodes. In general you *SHOULD NOT PLAY WITH THESE FIELDS*!
- * But, of course, I have to put the structure into this header so that
- * you can use it as a building block.
- *
- * The fields are as follows:
- * Link - an array of pointers. These pointers are manipulated by
- * the BT routines. The pointers indicate the left and right
- * child nodes and the parent node. By keeping track of the
- * parent pointer, we avoid the need for recursive routines or
- * hand-tooled stacks to keep track of our path back to the
- * root. The use of these pointers is subject to change without
- * notice.
- * gender - a one-byte field indicating whether the node is the RIGHT or
- * LEFT child of its parent. If the node is the root of the
- * tree, gender will be PARENT.
- * balance - only used by the AVL tree module. This field indicates
- * the height balance at a given node. See ubi_AVLtree for
- * details.
- *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-typedef struct ubi_btNodeStruct {
- struct ubi_btNodeStruct *Link[ 3 ];
- char gender;
- char balance;
- } ubi_btNode;
-
-typedef ubi_btNode *ubi_btNodePtr; /* Pointer to an ubi_btNode structure. */
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * The next three typedefs define standard function types used by the binary
- * tree management routines. In particular:
- *
- * ubi_btCompFunc is a pointer to a comparison function. Comparison
- * functions are passed an ubi_btItemPtr and an
- * ubi_btNodePtr. They return a value that is (<0), 0,
- * or (>0) to indicate that the Item is (respectively)
- * "less than", "equal to", or "greater than" the Item
- * contained within the node. (See ubi_btInitTree()).
- * ubi_btActionRtn is a pointer to a function that may be called for each
- * node visited when performing a tree traversal (see
- * ubi_btTraverse()). The function will be passed two
- * parameters: the first is a pointer to a node in the
- * tree, the second is a generic pointer that may point to
- * anything that you like.
- * ubi_btKillNodeRtn is a pointer to a function that will deallocate the
- * memory used by a node (see ubi_btKillTree()). Since
- * memory management is left up to you, deallocation may
- * mean anything that you want it to mean. Just remember
- * that the tree *will* be destroyed and that none of the
- * node pointers will be valid any more.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-typedef int (*ubi_btCompFunc)( ubi_btItemPtr, ubi_btNodePtr );
-
-typedef void (*ubi_btActionRtn)( ubi_btNodePtr, void * );
-
-typedef void (*ubi_btKillNodeRtn)( ubi_btNodePtr );
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * Tree Root Structure: This structure gives us a convenient handle for
- * accessing whole binary trees. The fields are:
- * root - A pointer to the root node of the tree.
- * count - A count of the number of nodes stored in the tree.
- * cmp - A pointer to the comparison routine to be used when building or
- * searching the tree.
- * flags - A set of bit flags. Two flags are currently defined:
- *
- * ubi_trOVERWRITE - If set, this flag indicates that a new node should
- * (bit 0x01) overwrite an old node if the two have identical
- * keys (ie., the keys are equal).
- * ubi_trDUPKEY - If set, this flag indicates that the tree is
- * (bit 0x02) allowed to contain nodes with duplicate keys.
- *
- * NOTE: ubi_trInsert() tests ubi_trDUPKEY before ubi_trOVERWRITE.
- *
- * All of these values are set when you initialize the root structure by
- * calling ubi_trInitTree().
- * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- */
-
-typedef struct {
- ubi_btNodePtr root; /* A pointer to the root node of the tree */
- ubi_btCompFunc cmp; /* A pointer to the tree's comparison function */
- unsigned long count; /* A count of the number of nodes in the tree */
- char flags; /* Overwrite Y|N, Duplicate keys Y|N... */
- } ubi_btRoot;
-
-typedef ubi_btRoot *ubi_btRootPtr; /* Pointer to an ubi_btRoot structure. */
-
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * Function Prototypes.
- */
-
-long ubi_btSgn( long x );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Return the sign of x; {negative,zero,positive} ==> {-1, 0, 1}.
- *
- * Input: x - a signed long integer value.
- *
- * Output: the "sign" of x, represented as follows:
- * -1 == negative
- * 0 == zero (no sign)
- * 1 == positive
- *
- * Note: This utility is provided in order to facilitate the conversion
- * of C comparison function return values into BinTree direction
- * values: {LEFT, PARENT, EQUAL}. It is INCORPORATED into the
- * AbNormal() conversion macro!
- *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btInitNode( ubi_btNodePtr NodePtr );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Initialize a tree node.
- *
- * Input: a pointer to a ubi_btNode structure to be initialized.
- * Output: a pointer to the initialized ubi_btNode structure (ie. the
- * same as the input pointer).
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btRootPtr ubi_btInitTree( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btCompFunc CompFunc,
- char Flags );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Initialize the fields of a Tree Root header structure.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - a pointer to an ubi_btRoot structure to be
- * initialized.
- * CompFunc - a pointer to a comparison function that will be used
- * whenever nodes in the tree must be compared against
- * outside values.
- * Flags - One bytes worth of flags. Flags include
- * ubi_trOVERWRITE and ubi_trDUPKEY. See the header
- * file for more info.
- *
- * Output: a pointer to the initialized ubi_btRoot structure (ie. the
- * same value as RootPtr).
- *
- * Note: The interface to this function has changed from that of
- * previous versions. The <Flags> parameter replaces two
- * boolean parameters that had the same basic effect.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_trBool ubi_btInsert( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btNodePtr NewNode,
- ubi_btItemPtr ItemPtr,
- ubi_btNodePtr *OldNode );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function uses a non-recursive algorithm to add a new element to the
- * tree.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - a pointer to the ubi_btRoot structure that indicates
- * the root of the tree to which NewNode is to be added.
- * NewNode - a pointer to an ubi_btNode structure that is NOT
- * part of any tree.
- * ItemPtr - A pointer to the sort key that is stored within
- * *NewNode. ItemPtr MUST point to information stored
- * in *NewNode or an EXACT DUPLICATE. The key data
- * indicated by ItemPtr is used to place the new node
- * into the tree.
- * OldNode - a pointer to an ubi_btNodePtr. When searching
- * the tree, a duplicate node may be found. If
- * duplicates are allowed, then the new node will
- * be simply placed into the tree. If duplicates
- * are not allowed, however, then one of two things
- * may happen.
- * 1) if overwritting *is not* allowed, this
- * function will return FALSE (indicating that
- * the new node could not be inserted), and
- * *OldNode will point to the duplicate that is
- * still in the tree.
- * 2) if overwritting *is* allowed, then this
- * function will swap **OldNode for *NewNode.
- * In this case, *OldNode will point to the node
- * that was removed (thus allowing you to free
- * the node).
- * ** If you are using overwrite mode, ALWAYS **
- * ** check the return value of this parameter! **
- * Note: You may pass NULL in this parameter, the
- * function knows how to cope. If you do this,
- * however, there will be no way to return a
- * pointer to an old (ie. replaced) node (which is
- * a problem if you are using overwrite mode).
- *
- * Output: a boolean value indicating success or failure. The function
- * will return FALSE if the node could not be added to the tree.
- * Such failure will only occur if duplicates are not allowed,
- * nodes cannot be overwritten, AND a duplicate key was found
- * within the tree.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btRemove( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btNodePtr DeadNode );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function removes the indicated node from the tree.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - A pointer to the header of the tree that contains
- * the node to be removed.
- * DeadNode - A pointer to the node that will be removed.
- *
- * Output: This function returns a pointer to the node that was removed
- * from the tree (ie. the same as DeadNode).
- *
- * Note: The node MUST be in the tree indicated by RootPtr. If not,
- * strange and evil things will happen to your trees.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLocate( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btItemPtr FindMe,
- ubi_trCompOps CompOp );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * The purpose of ubi_btLocate() is to find a node or set of nodes given
- * a target value and a "comparison operator". The Locate() function is
- * more flexible and (in the case of trees that may contain dupicate keys)
- * more precise than the ubi_btFind() function. The latter is faster,
- * but it only searches for exact matches and, if the tree contains
- * duplicates, Find() may return a pointer to any one of the duplicate-
- * keyed records.
- *
- * Input:
- * RootPtr - A pointer to the header of the tree to be searched.
- * FindMe - An ubi_btItemPtr that indicates the key for which to
- * search.
- * CompOp - One of the following:
- * CompOp Return a pointer to the node with
- * ------ ---------------------------------
- * ubi_trLT - the last key value that is less
- * than FindMe.
- * ubi_trLE - the first key matching FindMe, or
- * the last key that is less than
- * FindMe.
- * ubi_trEQ - the first key matching FindMe.
- * ubi_trGE - the first key matching FindMe, or the
- * first key greater than FindMe.
- * ubi_trGT - the first key greater than FindMe.
- * Output:
- * A pointer to the node matching the criteria listed above under
- * CompOp, or NULL if no node matched the criteria.
- *
- * Notes:
- * In the case of trees with duplicate keys, Locate() will behave as
- * follows:
- *
- * Find: 3 Find: 3
- * Keys: 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 Keys: 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 6
- * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
- * LT EQ GT LE GE
- *
- * That is, when returning a pointer to a node with a key that is LESS
- * THAN the target key (FindMe), Locate() will return a pointer to the
- * LAST matching node.
- * When returning a pointer to a node with a key that is GREATER
- * THAN the target key (FindMe), Locate() will return a pointer to the
- * FIRST matching node.
- *
- * See Also: ubi_btFind(), ubi_btFirstOf(), ubi_btLastOf().
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btFind( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btItemPtr FindMe );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * This function performs a non-recursive search of a tree for any node
- * matching a specific key.
- *
- * Input:
- * RootPtr - a pointer to the header of the tree to be searched.
- * FindMe - a pointer to the key value for which to search.
- *
- * Output:
- * A pointer to a node with a key that matches the key indicated by
- * FindMe, or NULL if no such node was found.
- *
- * Note: In a tree that allows duplicates, the pointer returned *might
- * not* point to the (sequentially) first occurance of the
- * desired key. In such a tree, it may be more useful to use
- * ubi_btLocate().
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btNext( ubi_btNodePtr P );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) Next node in the
- * tree.
- * Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
- * Output: A pointer to the "next" node in the tree, or NULL if P pointed
- * to the "last" node in the tree or was NULL.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btPrev( ubi_btNodePtr P );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) Previous node in
- * the tree.
- * Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
- * Output: A pointer to the "previous" node in the tree, or NULL if P
- * pointed to the "first" node in the tree or was NULL.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btFirst( ubi_btNodePtr P );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) First node in the
- * subtree of which *P is the root.
- * Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
- * Output: A pointer to the "first" node in a subtree that has *P as its
- * root. This function will return NULL only if P is NULL.
- * Note: In general, you will be passing in the value of the root field
- * of an ubi_btRoot structure.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLast( ubi_btNodePtr P );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) Last node in the
- * subtree of which *P is the root.
- * Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
- * Output: A pointer to the "last" node in a subtree that has *P as its
- * root. This function will return NULL only if P is NULL.
- * Note: In general, you will be passing in the value of the root field
- * of an ubi_btRoot structure.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btFirstOf( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btItemPtr MatchMe,
- ubi_btNodePtr p );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Given a tree that a allows duplicate keys, and a pointer to a node in
- * the tree, this function will return a pointer to the first (traversal
- * order) node with the same key value.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - A pointer to the root of the tree.
- * MatchMe - A pointer to the key value. This should probably
- * point to the key within node *p.
- * p - A pointer to a node in the tree.
- * Output: A pointer to the first node in the set of nodes with keys
- * matching <FindMe>.
- * Notes: Node *p MUST be in the set of nodes with keys matching
- * <FindMe>. If not, this function will return NULL.
- *
- * 4.7: Bug found & fixed by Massimo Campostrini,
- * Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa.
- *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLastOf( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btItemPtr MatchMe,
- ubi_btNodePtr p );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Given a tree that a allows duplicate keys, and a pointer to a node in
- * the tree, this function will return a pointer to the last (traversal
- * order) node with the same key value.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - A pointer to the root of the tree.
- * MatchMe - A pointer to the key value. This should probably
- * point to the key within node *p.
- * p - A pointer to a node in the tree.
- * Output: A pointer to the last node in the set of nodes with keys
- * matching <FindMe>.
- * Notes: Node *p MUST be in the set of nodes with keys matching
- * <FindMe>. If not, this function will return NULL.
- *
- * 4.7: Bug found & fixed by Massimo Campostrini,
- * Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa.
- *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-unsigned long ubi_btTraverse( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btActionRtn EachNode,
- void *UserData );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Traverse a tree in sorted order (non-recursively). At each node, call
- * (*EachNode)(), passing a pointer to the current node, and UserData as the
- * second parameter.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - a pointer to an ubi_btRoot structure that indicates
- * the tree to be traversed.
- * EachNode - a pointer to a function to be called at each node
- * as the node is visited.
- * UserData - a generic pointer that may point to anything that
- * you choose.
- *
- * Output: A count of the number of nodes visited. This will be zero
- * if the tree is empty.
- *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-
-unsigned long ubi_btKillTree( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
- ubi_btKillNodeRtn FreeNode );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Delete an entire tree (non-recursively) and reinitialize the ubi_btRoot
- * structure. Return a count of the number of nodes deleted.
- *
- * Input: RootPtr - a pointer to an ubi_btRoot structure that indicates
- * the root of the tree to delete.
- * FreeNode - a function that will be called for each node in the
- * tree to deallocate the memory used by the node.
- *
- * Output: The number of nodes removed from the tree.
- * A value of 0 will be returned if:
- * - The tree actually contains 0 entries.
- * - the value of <RootPtr> is NULL, in which case the tree is
- * assumed to be empty
- * - the value of <FreeNode> is NULL, in which case entries
- * cannot be removed, so 0 is returned. *Make sure that you
- * provide a valid value for <FreeNode>*.
- * In all other cases, you should get a positive value equal to
- * the value of RootPtr->count upon entry.
- *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLeafNode( ubi_btNodePtr leader );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Returns a pointer to a leaf node.
- *
- * Input: leader - Pointer to a node at which to start the descent.
- *
- * Output: A pointer to a leaf node, selected in a somewhat arbitrary
- * manner but with an effort to dig deep.
- *
- * Notes: I wrote this function because I was using splay trees as a
- * database cache. The cache had a maximum size on it, and I
- * needed a way of choosing a node to sacrifice if the cache
- * became full. In a splay tree, less recently accessed nodes
- * tend toward the bottom of the tree, meaning that leaf nodes
- * are good candidates for removal. (I really can't think of
- * any other reason to use this function.)
- * + In a simple binary tree, or in an AVL tree, the most recently
- * added nodes tend to be nearer the bottom, making this a *bad*
- * way to choose which node to remove from the cache.
- * + Randomizing the traversal order is probably a good idea. You
- * can improve the randomization of leaf node selection by passing
- * in pointers to nodes other than the root node each time. A
- * pointer to any node in the tree will do. Of course, if you
- * pass a pointer to a leaf node you'll get the same thing back.
- * + In an unbalanced splay tree, if you simply traverse downward
- * until you hit a leaf node it is possible to accidentally
- * stumble onto a short path. The result will be a leaf node
- * that is actually very high in the tree--possibly a very
- * recently accessed node. Not good. This function can follow
- * multiple paths in an effort to find a leaf node deeper
- * in the tree. Following a single path, of course, is the
- * fastest way to find a leaf node. A complete traversal would
- * be sure to find the deepest leaf but would be very costly in
- * terms of time. This function uses a compromise that has
- * worked well in testing.
- *
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-
-int ubi_btModuleID( int size, char *list[] );
- /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- * Returns a set of strings that identify the module.
- *
- * Input: size - The number of elements in the array <list>.
- * list - An array of pointers of type (char *). This array
- * should, initially, be empty. This function will fill
- * in the array with pointers to strings.
- * Output: The number of elements of <list> that were used. If this value
- * is less than <size>, the values of the remaining elements are
- * not guaranteed.
- *
- * Notes: Please keep in mind that the pointers returned indicate strings
- * stored in static memory. Don't free() them, don't write over
- * them, etc. Just read them.
- * ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
- */
-
-/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
- * Masquarade...
- *
- * This set of defines allows you to write programs that will use any of the
- * implemented binary tree modules (currently BinTree, AVLtree, and SplayTree).
- * Instead of using ubi_bt..., use ubi_tr..., and select the tree type by
- * including the appropriate module header.
- */
-
-#define ubi_trItemPtr ubi_btItemPtr
-
-#define ubi_trNode ubi_btNode
-#define ubi_trNodePtr ubi_btNodePtr
-
-#define ubi_trRoot ubi_btRoot
-#define ubi_trRootPtr ubi_btRootPtr
-
-#define ubi_trCompFunc ubi_btCompFunc
-#define ubi_trActionRtn ubi_btActionRtn
-#define ubi_trKillNodeRtn ubi_btKillNodeRtn
-
-#define ubi_trSgn( x ) ubi_btSgn( x )
-
-#define ubi_trInitNode( Np ) ubi_btInitNode( (ubi_btNodePtr)(Np) )
-
-#define ubi_trInitTree( Rp, Cf, Fl ) \
- ubi_btInitTree( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), (ubi_btCompFunc)(Cf), (Fl) )
-
-#define ubi_trInsert( Rp, Nn, Ip, On ) \
- ubi_btInsert( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), (ubi_btNodePtr)(Nn), \
- (ubi_btItemPtr)(Ip), (ubi_btNodePtr *)(On) )
-
-#define ubi_trRemove( Rp, Dn ) \
- ubi_btRemove( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), (ubi_btNodePtr)(Dn) )
-
-#define ubi_trLocate( Rp, Ip, Op ) \
- ubi_btLocate( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), \
- (ubi_btItemPtr)(Ip), \
- (ubi_trCompOps)(Op) )
-
-#define ubi_trFind( Rp, Ip ) \
- ubi_btFind( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), (ubi_btItemPtr)(Ip) )
-
-#define ubi_trNext( P ) ubi_btNext( (ubi_btNodePtr)(P) )
-
-#define ubi_trPrev( P ) ubi_btPrev( (ubi_btNodePtr)(P) )
-
-#define ubi_trFirst( P ) ubi_btFirst( (ubi_btNodePtr)(P) )
-
-#define ubi_trLast( P ) ubi_btLast( (ubi_btNodePtr)(P) )
-
-#define ubi_trFirstOf( Rp, Ip, P ) \
- ubi_btFirstOf( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), \
- (ubi_btItemPtr)(Ip), \
- (ubi_btNodePtr)(P) )
-
-#define ubi_trLastOf( Rp, Ip, P ) \
- ubi_btLastOf( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), \
- (ubi_btItemPtr)(Ip), \
- (ubi_btNodePtr)(P) )
-
-#define ubi_trTraverse( Rp, En, Ud ) \
- ubi_btTraverse((ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), (ubi_btActionRtn)(En), (void *)(Ud))
-
-#define ubi_trKillTree( Rp, Fn ) \
- ubi_btKillTree( (ubi_btRootPtr)(Rp), (ubi_btKillNodeRtn)(Fn) )
-
-#define ubi_trLeafNode( Nd ) \
- ubi_btLeafNode( (ubi_btNodePtr)(Nd) )
-
-#define ubi_trModuleID( s, l ) ubi_btModuleID( s, l )
-
-/* ========================================================================== */
-#endif /* UBI_BINTREE_H */