path: root/lib/util/genrand.c

/* 
   Unix SMB/CIFS implementation.

   Functions to create reasonable random numbers for crypto use.

   Copyright (C) Jeremy Allison 2001
   
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.
   
   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.
   
   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

#include "includes.h"
#include "system/filesys.h"
#include "../lib/crypto/crypto.h"
#include "system/locale.h"

/**
 * @file
 * @brief Random number generation
 */

static unsigned char hash[258];
static uint32_t counter;

static bool done_reseed = false;
static unsigned int bytes_since_reseed = 0;

static int urand_fd = -1;

static void (*reseed_callback)(void *userdata, int *newseed);
static void *reseed_callback_userdata = NULL;

/**
 Copy any user given reseed data.
**/

_PUBLIC_ void set_rand_reseed_callback(void (*fn)(void *, int *), void *userdata)
{
	reseed_callback = fn;
	reseed_callback_userdata = userdata;
	set_need_random_reseed();
}

/**
 * Tell the random number generator it needs to reseed.
 */
_PUBLIC_ void set_need_random_reseed(void)
{
	done_reseed = false;
	bytes_since_reseed = 0;
}

static void get_rand_reseed_data(int *reseed_data)
{
	if (reseed_callback) {
		reseed_callback(reseed_callback_userdata, reseed_data);
	} else {
		*reseed_data = 0;
	}
}

/**************************************************************** 
 Setup the seed.
*****************************************************************/

static void seed_random_stream(unsigned char *seedval, size_t seedlen)
{
	unsigned char j = 0;
	size_t ind;

	for (ind = 0; ind < 256; ind++)
		hash[ind] = (unsigned char)ind;

	for( ind = 0; ind < 256; ind++) {
		unsigned char tc;

		j += (hash[ind] + seedval[ind%seedlen]);

		tc = hash[ind];
		hash[ind] = hash[j];
		hash[j] = tc;
	}

	hash[256] = 0;
	hash[257] = 0;
}

/**************************************************************** 
 Get datasize bytes worth of random data.
*****************************************************************/

static void get_random_stream(unsigned char *data, size_t datasize)
{
	unsigned char index_i = hash[256];
	unsigned char index_j = hash[257];
	size_t ind;

	for( ind = 0; ind < datasize; ind++) {
		unsigned char tc;
		unsigned char t;

		index_i++;
		index_j += hash[index_i];

		tc = hash[index_i];
		hash[index_i] = hash[index_j];
		hash[index_j] = tc;

		t = hash[index_i] + hash[index_j];
		data[ind] = hash[t];
	}

	hash[256] = index_i;
	hash[257] = index_j;
}

/****************************************************************
 Get a 16 byte hash from the contents of a file.  

 Note that the hash is initialised, because the extra entropy is not
 worth the valgrind pain.
*****************************************************************/

static void do_filehash(const char *fname, unsigned char *the_hash)
{
	unsigned char buf[1011]; /* deliberate weird size */
	unsigned char tmp_md4[16];
	int fd, n;

	ZERO_STRUCT(tmp_md4);

	fd = open(fname,O_RDONLY,0);
	if (fd == -1)
		return;

	while ((n = read(fd, (char *)buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
		mdfour(tmp_md4, buf, n);
		for (n=0;n<16;n++)
			the_hash[n] ^= tmp_md4[n];
	}
	close(fd);
}

/**************************************************************
 Try and get a good random number seed. Try a number of
 different factors. Firstly, try /dev/urandom - use if exists.

 We use /dev/urandom as a read of /dev/random can block if
 the entropy pool dries up. This leads clients to timeout
 or be very slow on connect.

 If we can't use /dev/urandom then seed the stream random generator
 above...
**************************************************************/

static int do_reseed(int fd)
{
	unsigned char seed_inbuf[40];
	uint32_t v1, v2; struct timeval tval; pid_t mypid;
	int reseed_data = 0;

	if (fd == -1) {
		fd = open( "/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY,0);
		if (fd != -1) {
			smb_set_close_on_exec(fd);
		}
	}
	if (fd != -1
	    && (read(fd, seed_inbuf, sizeof(seed_inbuf)) == sizeof(seed_inbuf))) {
		seed_random_stream(seed_inbuf, sizeof(seed_inbuf));
		return fd;
	}

	/* Add in some secret file contents */

	do_filehash("/etc/shadow", &seed_inbuf[0]);

	/*
	 * Add the counter, time of day, and pid.
	 */

	GetTimeOfDay(&tval);
	mypid = getpid();
	v1 = (counter++) + mypid + tval.tv_sec;
	v2 = (counter++) * mypid + tval.tv_usec;

	SIVAL(seed_inbuf, 32, v1 ^ IVAL(seed_inbuf, 32));
	SIVAL(seed_inbuf, 36, v2 ^ IVAL(seed_inbuf, 36));

	/*
	 * Add any user-given reseed data.
	 */

	get_rand_reseed_data(&reseed_data);
	if (reseed_data) {
		size_t i;
		for (i = 0; i < sizeof(seed_inbuf); i++)
			seed_inbuf[i] ^= ((char *)(&reseed_data))[i % sizeof(reseed_data)];
	}

	seed_random_stream(seed_inbuf, sizeof(seed_inbuf));

	return -1;
}

/**
 Interface to the (hopefully) good crypto random number generator.
 Will use our internal PRNG if more than 40 bytes of random generation
 has been requested, otherwise tries to read from /dev/random
**/
_PUBLIC_ void generate_random_buffer(uint8_t *out, int len)
{
	unsigned char md4_buf[64];
	unsigned char tmp_buf[16];
	unsigned char *p;

	if(!done_reseed) {
		bytes_since_reseed += len;
		
		/* Magic constant to try and avoid reading 40 bytes
		 * and setting up the PRNG if the app only ever wants
		 * a few bytes */
		if (bytes_since_reseed < 40) {
			if (urand_fd == -1) {
				urand_fd = open( "/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY,0);
				if (urand_fd != -1) {
					smb_set_close_on_exec(urand_fd);
				}
			}
			if(urand_fd != -1 && (read(urand_fd, out, len) == len)) {
				return;
			}
		}

		urand_fd = do_reseed(urand_fd);
		done_reseed = true;
	}

	/*
	 * Generate random numbers in chunks of 64 bytes,
	 * then md4 them & copy to the output buffer.
	 * This way the raw state of the stream is never externally
	 * seen.
	 */

	p = out;
	while(len > 0) {
		int copy_len = len > 16 ? 16 : len;

		get_random_stream(md4_buf, sizeof(md4_buf));
		mdfour(tmp_buf, md4_buf, sizeof(md4_buf));
		memcpy(p, tmp_buf, copy_len);
		p += copy_len;
		len -= copy_len;
	}
}

/**
 Interface to the (hopefully) good crypto random number generator.
 Will always use /dev/urandom if available.
**/
_PUBLIC_ void generate_secret_buffer(uint8_t *out, int len)
{
	if (urand_fd == -1) {
		urand_fd = open( "/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY,0);
		if (urand_fd != -1) {
			smb_set_close_on_exec(urand_fd);
		}
	}
	if(urand_fd != -1 && (read(urand_fd, out, len) == len)) {
		return;
	}
	
	generate_random_buffer(out, len);
}

/**
  generate a single random uint32_t
**/
_PUBLIC_ uint32_t generate_random(void)
{
	uint8_t v[4];
	generate_random_buffer(v, 4);
	return IVAL(v, 0);
}


/**
  Microsoft composed the following rules (among others) for quality
  checks. This is an abridgment from
  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/subscriptions/cc786468%28v=ws.10%29.aspx:

  Passwords must contain characters from three of the following five
  categories:

   - Uppercase characters of European languages (A through Z, with
     diacritic marks, Greek and Cyrillic characters)
   - Lowercase characters of European languages (a through z, sharp-s,
     with diacritic marks, Greek and Cyrillic characters)
   - Base 10 digits (0 through 9)
   - Nonalphanumeric characters: ~!@#$%^&*_-+=`|\(){}[]:;"'<>,.?/
   - Any Unicode character that is categorized as an alphabetic character
     but is not uppercase or lowercase. This includes Unicode characters
     from Asian languages.

 Note: for now do not check if the unicode category is
       alphabetic character
**/
_PUBLIC_ bool check_password_quality(const char *pwd)
{
	size_t ofs = 0;
	size_t num_chars = 0;
	size_t num_digits = 0;
	size_t num_upper = 0;
	size_t num_lower = 0;
	size_t num_nonalpha = 0;
	size_t num_unicode = 0;
	size_t num_categories = 0;

	if (pwd == NULL) {
		return false;
	}

	while (true) {
		const char *s = &pwd[ofs];
		size_t len = 0;
		codepoint_t c;

		c = next_codepoint(s, &len);
		if (c == INVALID_CODEPOINT) {
			return false;
		} else if (c == 0) {
			break;
		}
		ofs += len;
		num_chars += 1;

		if (len == 1) {
			const char *na = "~!@#$%^&*_-+=`|\\(){}[]:;\"'<>,.?/";

			if (isdigit(c)) {
				num_digits += 1;
				continue;
			}

			if (isupper(c)) {
				num_upper += 1;
				continue;
			}

			if (islower(c)) {
				num_lower += 1;
				continue;
			}

			if (strchr(na, c)) {
				num_nonalpha += 1;
				continue;
			}

			/*
			 * the rest does not belong to
			 * a category.
			 */
			continue;
		}

		if (isupper_m(c)) {
			num_upper += 1;
			continue;
		}

		if (islower_m(c)) {
			num_lower += 1;
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Note: for now do not check if the unicode category is
		 *       alphabetic character
		 *
		 * We would have to import the details from
		 * ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/6.3.0/ucd/UnicodeData-6.3.0d1.txt
		 */
		num_unicode += 1;
		continue;
	}

	if (num_digits > 0) {
		num_categories += 1;
	}
	if (num_upper > 0) {
		num_categories += 1;
	}
	if (num_lower > 0) {
		num_categories += 1;
	}
	if (num_nonalpha > 0) {
		num_categories += 1;
	}
	if (num_unicode > 0) {
		num_categories += 1;
	}

	if (num_categories >= 3) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

/**
 Use the random number generator to generate a random string.
**/

_PUBLIC_ char *generate_random_str_list(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, size_t len, const char *list)
{
	size_t i;
	size_t list_len = strlen(list);

	char *retstr = talloc_array(mem_ctx, char, len + 1);
	if (!retstr) return NULL;

	generate_random_buffer((uint8_t *)retstr, len);
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		retstr[i] = list[retstr[i] % list_len];
	}
	retstr[i] = '\0';

	return retstr;
}

/**
 * Generate a random text string consisting of the specified length.
 * The returned string will be allocated.
 *
 * Characters used are: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+_-#.,
 */

_PUBLIC_ char *generate_random_str(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, size_t len)
{
	char *retstr;
	const char *c_list = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+_-#.,";

again:
	retstr = generate_random_str_list(mem_ctx, len, c_list);
	if (!retstr) return NULL;

	/* we need to make sure the random string passes basic quality tests
	   or it might be rejected by windows as a password */
	if (len >= 7 && !check_password_quality(retstr)) {
		talloc_free(retstr);
		goto again;
	}

	return retstr;
}

/**
 * Generate a random text password.
 */

_PUBLIC_ char *generate_random_password(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, size_t min, size_t max)
{
	char *retstr;
	/* This list does not include { or } because they cause
	 * problems for our provision (it can create a substring
	 * ${...}, and for Fedora DS (which treats {...} at the start
	 * of a stored password as special 
	 *  -- Andrew Bartlett 2010-03-11
	 */
	const char *c_list = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+_-#.,@$%&!?:;<=>()[]~";
	size_t len = max;
	size_t diff;

	if (min > max) {
		errno = EINVAL;
		return NULL;
	}

	diff = max - min;

	if (diff > 0 ) {
		size_t tmp;

		generate_random_buffer((uint8_t *)&tmp, sizeof(tmp));

		tmp %= diff;

		len = min + tmp;
	}

again:
	retstr = generate_random_str_list(mem_ctx, len, c_list);
	if (!retstr) return NULL;

	/* we need to make sure the random string passes basic quality tests
	   or it might be rejected by windows as a password */
	if (len >= 7 && !check_password_quality(retstr)) {
		talloc_free(retstr);
		goto again;
	}

	return retstr;
}

/**
 * Generate an array of unique text strings all of the same length.
 * The returned string will be allocated.
 * Returns NULL if the number of unique combinations cannot be created.
 *
 * Characters used are: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+_-#.,
 */
_PUBLIC_ char** generate_unique_strs(TALLOC_CTX *mem_ctx, size_t len,
				     uint32_t num)
{
	const char *c_list = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+_-#.,";
	const unsigned c_size = 42;
	int i, j;
	unsigned rem;
	char ** strs = NULL;

	if (num == 0 || len == 0)
		return NULL;

	strs = talloc_array(mem_ctx, char *, num);
	if (strs == NULL) return NULL;

	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
		char *retstr = (char *)talloc_size(strs, len + 1);
		if (retstr == NULL) {
			talloc_free(strs);
			return NULL;
		}
		rem = i;
		for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
			retstr[j] = c_list[rem % c_size];
			rem = rem / c_size;
		}
		retstr[j] = 0;
		strs[i] = retstr;
		if (rem != 0) {
			/* we were not able to fit the number of
			 * combinations asked for in the length
			 * specified */
			DEBUG(0,(__location__ ": Too many combinations %u for length %u\n",
				 num, (unsigned)len));
				 
			talloc_free(strs);
			return NULL;			 
		}
	}

	return strs;
}