path: root/source4/heimdal/lib/wind/rfc3454.txt

Network Working Group                                         P. Hoffman
Request for Comments: 3454                                    IMC & VPNC
Category: Standards Track                                    M. Blanchet
                                                                Viagenie
                                                           December 2002


        Preparation of Internationalized Strings ("stringprep")

Status of this Memo

   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This document describes a framework for preparing Unicode text
   strings in order to increase the likelihood that string input and
   string comparison work in ways that make sense for typical users
   throughout the world.  The stringprep protocol is useful for protocol
   identifier values, company and personal names, internationalized
   domain names, and other text strings.

   This document does not specify how protocols should prepare text
   strings.  Protocols must create profiles of stringprep in order to
   fully specify the processing options.

Table of Contents

   1. Introduction....................................................3
     1.1 Terminology..................................................4
     1.2 Using stringprep in protocols................................4
   2. Preparation Overview............................................6
   3. Mapping.........................................................7
     3.1 Commonly mapped to nothing...................................7
     3.2 Case folding.................................................8
   4. Normalization...................................................9
   5. Prohibited Output..............................................10
     5.1 Space characters............................................11
     5.2 Control characters..........................................11
     5.3 Private use.................................................12



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     5.4 Non-character code points...................................12
     5.5 Surrogate codes.............................................13
     5.6 Inappropriate for plain text................................13
     5.7 Inappropriate for canonical representation..................13
     5.8 Change display properties or deprecated.....................13
     5.9 Tagging characters..........................................14
   6. Bidirectional Characters.......................................14
   7. Unassigned Code Points in Stringprep Profiles..................15
     7.1 Categories of code points...................................16
     7.2 Reasons for difference between stored strings and queries...17
     7.3 Versions of applications and stored strings.................18
   8. References.....................................................19
     8.1 Normative references........................................19
     8.2 Informative references......................................19
   9. Security Considerations........................................19
     9.1 Stringprep-specific security considerations.................19
     9.2 Generic Unicode security considerations.....................20
   10. IANA Considerations...........................................21
   11. Acknowledgements..............................................22
   A. Unicode repertoires............................................23
     A.1 Unassigned code points in Unicode 3.2.......................23
   B. Mapping Tables.................................................31
     B.1 Commonly mapped to nothing..................................31
     B.2 Mapping for case-folding used with NFKC.....................32
     B.3 Mapping for case-folding used with no normalization.........61
   C. Prohibition tables.............................................78
     C.1 Space characters............................................78
       C.1.1 ASCII space characters..................................78
       C.1.2 Non-ASCII space characters..............................79
     C.2 Control characters..........................................79
       C.2.1 ASCII control characters................................79
       C.2.2 Non-ASCII control characters............................79
     C.3 Private use.................................................80
     C.4 Non-character code points...................................80
     C.5 Surrogate codes.............................................80
     C.6 Inappropriate for plain text................................80
     C.7 Inappropriate for canonical representation..................81
     C.8 Change display properties or are deprecated.................81
     C.9 Tagging characters..........................................81
   D. Bidirectional tables...........................................81
     D.1 Characters with bidirectional property "R" or "AL"..........81
     D.2 Characters with bidirectional property "L"..................82
   Authors' Addresses................................................90
   Full Copyright Statement..........................................91







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1. Introduction

   Application programs can display text in many different ways.
   Similarly, a user can enter text into an application program in a
   myriad of fashions.  Internationalized text (that is, text that is
   not restricted to the narrow set of US-ASCII characters) has many
   input and display behaviors that make it difficult to compare text in
   a consistent fashion.

   This document specifies a framework of processing rules for Unicode
   text.  Other protocols can create profiles of these rules; these
   profiles will allow users to enter internationalized text strings in
   applications and have the highest chance of getting the content of
   the strings correct.  In this case, "correct" means that if two
   different people enter what they think is the same string into two
   different input mechanisms, the strings should match on a character-
   by-character basis.

   This framework does not describe how data is transcoded from other
   character sets into Unicode.  In systems that uses non-Unicode
   character sets, the transcoding algorithm is a critical part of
   enabling secure and "correct" operation of internationalized text
   strings.

   In addition to helping string matching, profiles of stringprep can
   also exclude characters that should not normally appear in text that
   is used in the protocol.  The profile can prevent such characters by
   changing the characters to be excluded to other characters, by
   removing those characters, or by causing an error if the characters
   would appear in the output.  For example, because the backspace
   character can cause unpredictable display results, a profile can
   specify that a string containing a backspace character would cause an
   error.

   A profile of stringprep converts a single string of input characters
   to a string of output characters, or returns an error if the output
   string would contain a prohibited character.  Stringprep profiles
   cannot both emit a string and return an error.

   Stringprep profiles cannot account for all of the variations that
   might occur or that a user might expect.  In particular, a profile
   will not be able to account for choice of spellings in all languages
   for all scripts because the number of alternative spellings of words
   and phrases is immense.  Users would probably expect all spelling
   equivalents to be made equivalent, or none of them to be.  Examples
   of spelling equivalents include "theater" vs. "theatre", and
   "hemoglobin" vs. "h<U+00E6>moglobin" in American vs. British English.
   Other examples are simplified Chinese spellings of names (for



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   example,"<U+7EDF><U+4E00><U+7801>") vs. the equivalent traditional
   Chinese spelling (for example, "<U+7D71><U+4E00><U+78BC>").
   Language-specific equivalences such as "Aepfel" vs. "<U+00C4>pfel",
   which are sometimes considered equivalent in German, may not be
   considered equivalent in other languages.

1.1 Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
   [RFC2119].

   Note: A glossary of terms used in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 can be
   found in [Glossary].  Information on the 10646/Unicode character
   encoding model can be found in [CharModel].

   Character names in this document use the notation for code points and
   names from the Unicode Standard [Unicode3.2] and ISO/IEC 10646
   [ISO10646].  For example, the letter "a" may be represented as either
   "U+0061" or "LATIN SMALL LETTER A".  In the lists of mappings and the
   prohibited characters, the "U+" is left off to make the lists easier
   to read.  The comments for character ranges are shown in square
   brackets (such as "[CONTROL CHARACTERS]") and do not come from the
   standards.

1.2 Using stringprep in protocols

   The stringprep protocol does not stand on its own; it has to be used
   by other protocols at precisely-defined places in those other
   protocols.  For example, a protocol that has strings that come from
   the entire ISO/IEC 10646 [ISO10646] character repertoire might
   specify that only strings that have been processed with a particular
   profile of stringprep are legal.  Another example would be a protocol
   that does string comparison as a step in the protocol; that protocol
   might specify that such comparison is done only after processing the
   strings with a specific profile of stringprep.

   When two protocols that use different profiles of stringprep
   interoperate, there may be conflict about what characters are and are
   not allowed in the final string.  Thus, protocol developers should
   strongly consider re-using existing profiles of stringprep.

   When developers wish to allow users as wide of a range of characters
   as possible in input text strings, they should, where possible, cause
   stringprep to convert characters from the input string to a canonical
   form instead of prohibiting them.




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   Although it would be easy to use the stringprep process to "correct"
   perceived mis-features or bugs in the current character standards,
   stringprep profiles SHOULD NOT do so.

   A profile of stringprep can create tables different from those in the
   appendixes of this document, but it will be an exception when they
   do.  The intention of stringprep is to define the tables and have the
   profiles of stringprep select among those defined tables.

   A profile of stringprep MUST include all of the following:

   - The intended applicability of the profile

   - The character repertoire that is the input and output to stringprep
     (which is Unicode 3.2 for this version of stringprep)

   - The mapping tables from this document used (as described in section
     3)

   - Any additional mapping tables specific to the profile

   - The Unicode normalization used, if any (as described in section 4)

   - The tables from this document of characters that are prohibited as
     output (as described in section 5)

   - The bidirectional string testing used, if any (as described in
     section 6)

   - Any additional characters that are prohibited as output specific to
     the profile

   Each profile MUST state the character repertoire on which the profile
   will operate.  Appendix A lists the Unicode repertoires that can be
   selected.  No repertoire is ever complete, and it is expected that
   characters will be added to the Unicode repertoire for the
   foreseeable future.  Section 7 of this document describes how to
   handle characters that are assigned in later versions of the Unicode
   repertories.  Subsections of appendix A also list unassigned code
   points for each repertoire.

   This document is for Unicode version 3.2, and should not be
   considered to automatically apply to later Unicode versions.  The
   IETF, through an explicit standards action, may update this document
   as appropriate to handle later Unicode versions.






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   This document lists the unassigned code points in the range 0 to
   10FFFF for Unicode 3.2 in appendix A.  The list in appendix A MUST be
   used by implementations of this specification.  If there are any
   discrepancies between the list in appendix A and the Unicode 3.2
   specification, the list in appendix A always takes precedence.

   Each profile of stringprep MUST be registered with IANA.  The
   registration procedure is described in the IANA Considerations
   appendix; basically, the IESG must review each profile of stringprep.
   Protocol developers are strongly encouraged to look through the IANA
   profile registry when creating new profiles for stringprep, and to
   re-use logic from earlier profiles where possible in new profiles.
   In some cases, an existing profile can be reused by a different
   protocol.

2. Preparation Overview

   The steps for preparing strings are:

   1) Map -- For each character in the input, check if it has a mapping
      and, if so, replace it with its mapping.  This is described in
      section 3.

   2) Normalize -- Possibly normalize the result of step 1 using Unicode
      normalization.  This is described in section 4.

   3) Prohibit -- Check for any characters that are not allowed in the
      output.  If any are found, return an error.  This is described in
      section 5.

   4) Check bidi -- Possibly check for right-to-left characters, and if
      any are found, make sure that the whole string satisfies the
      requirements for bidirectional strings.  If the string does not
      satisfy the requirements for bidirectional strings, return an
      error.  This is described in section 6.

   The above steps MUST be performed in the order given to comply with
   this specification.

   The mappings described in section 3, and the optional Unicode
   normalization described in section 4, can be one-to-none, one-to-one,
   one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many.  That is, some characters
   might be eliminated or replaced by more than one character, and the
   output of this step might be shorter or longer than the input.
   Because of this, the system using stringprep MUST be prepared to
   receive a longer or shorter string than the one input in the
   stringprep algorithm.




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3. Mapping

   Each character in the input stream MUST be checked against a mapping
   table.  The mapping table SHOULD come from this document, although
   the mapping table MAY be added to or altered by the profile.  The
   mapping tables are subsections of appendix B.

   The lists in appendix B MUST be used by implementations of this
   specification.  If there are any discrepancies between the lists in
   appendix B and subsections below, the lists in appendix B always
   takes precedence.

   For any individual character, the mapping table MAY specify that a
   character be mapped to nothing, or mapped to one other character, or
   mapped to a string of other characters.

   Mapped characters are not re-scanned during the mapping step.  That
   is, if character A at position X is mapped to character B, character
   B which is now at position X is not checked against the mapping
   table.

3.1 Commonly mapped to nothing

   The following characters are simply deleted from the input (that is,
   they are mapped to nothing) because their presence or absence in
   protocol identifiers should not make two strings different.  They are
   listed in Table B.1.

   Some characters are only useful in line-based text, and are otherwise
   invisible and ignored.

   00AD; SOFT HYPHEN
   1806; MONGOLIAN TODO SOFT HYPHEN
   200B; ZERO WIDTH SPACE
   2060; WORD JOINER
   FEFF; ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE

   Some characters affect glyph choice and glyph placement, but do not
   bear semantics.

   034F; COMBINING GRAPHEME JOINER
   180B; MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE
   180C; MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR TWO
   180D; MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE
   200C; ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER
   200D; ZERO WIDTH JOINER
   FE00; VARIATION SELECTOR-1
   FE01; VARIATION SELECTOR-2



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   FE02; VARIATION SELECTOR-3
   FE03; VARIATION SELECTOR-4
   FE04; VARIATION SELECTOR-5
   FE05; VARIATION SELECTOR-6
   FE06; VARIATION SELECTOR-7
   FE07; VARIATION SELECTOR-8
   FE08; VARIATION SELECTOR-9
   FE09; VARIATION SELECTOR-10
   FE0A; VARIATION SELECTOR-11
   FE0B; VARIATION SELECTOR-12
   FE0C; VARIATION SELECTOR-13
   FE0D; VARIATION SELECTOR-14
   FE0E; VARIATION SELECTOR-15
   FE0F; VARIATION SELECTOR-16

3.2 Case folding

   If a profile is going to map characters for case-insensitive
   comparison, that profile SHOULD map using either appendix B.2 or
   appendix B.3.  appendix B.2 is for profiles that also use Unicode
   normalization form KC, while appendix  B.3 is for profiles that do
   not use Unicode normalization.  These tables map from uppercase to
   lowercase characters.  Note that this could have been "change all
   lowercase characters into uppercase characters".  However, the
   upper-to-lower folding was chosen because there is a tradition of
   using lowercase in current Internet applications and protocols.

   If a profile creates its own mapping tables for case folding, they
   SHOULD be based on [UTR21], and SHOULD map from uppercase characters
   to lowercase.  The "CaseFolding.txt" file from the Unicode database
   SHOULD be used to prepare the mapping table. The profile SHOULD do
   full case mapping (that is, using statuses C, F, and I).

   If the profile is using Unicode normalization form KC (as described
   in section 4 of this document), it is important to note that there
   are some characters that do not have mappings in [UTR21] but still
   need processing.  These characters include a few Greek characters and
   many symbols that contain Latin characters.  The list of characters
   to add to the mapping table can determined by the following
   algorithm:

   b = NormalizeWithKC(Fold(a));
   c = NormalizeWithKC(Fold(b));
   if c is not the same as b, add a mapping for "a to c".

   Because NormalizeWithKC(Fold(c)) always equals c, the table is stable
   from that point on.




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   Appendix B.3 is derived from the CaseFolding-3.txt file associated
   with Unicode 3.2; appendix B.2 is based on appendix B.3 with the
   additional characters added from the algorithm above.

   Authors of profiles of this document need to consider the effects of
   changing the mapping of any currently-assigned character when
   updating their profiles.  Adding a new mapping for a currently-
   assigned character, or changing an existing mapping, could cause a
   variance between the behavior of systems that have been updated and
   systems that have not been updated.

4. Normalization

   The output of the mapping step is optionally normalized using one of
   the Unicode normalization forms, as described in [UAX15].  A profile
   can specify one of two options for Unicode normalization:

   - no normalization

   - Unicode normalization with form KC

   A profile MAY choose to do no normalization.  However, such a profile
   can easily yield results that will be surprising to typical users,
   depending on the input mechanism they use.  For example, some input
   mechanisms enter compatibility characters that look exactly like the
   underlying characters, but have different code points.  Another
   example of where Unicode normalization helps create predictable
   results is with characters that have multiple combining diacritics:
   normalization orders those diacritics in a predictable fashion.

   On the other hand, Unicode normalization requires fairly large tables
   and somewhat complicated character reordering logic.  The size and
   complexity should not be considered daunting except in the most
   restricted of environments, and needs to be weighed against the
   problems of user surprise from comparing unnormalized strings.  Note
   that the tables used for normalization are not given in this
   document, but instead must be derived from the Unicode database, as
   described in [UAX15].

   There is a third form of normalization, Unicode normalization with
   form C.  If a profile is going to use a Unicode normalization, it
   MUST use Unicode normalization form KC.  Form KC maps many
   "compatibility characters" to their equivalents.  Some user interface
   systems make it possible to enter compatibility characters instead of
   the base equivalents.  Thus, using form KC instead of form C will
   cause more strings that users would expect to match to actually
   match.




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   A profile that specifies Unicode normalization MUST use the
   normalization in [UAX15] that is associated with the version of the
   Unicode character set specified for the profile.

   The composition process described in [UAX15] requires a fixed
   composition version of Unicode to ensure that strings normalized
   under one version of Unicode remain normalized under all future
   versions of Unicode.

   The IETF is relying on Unicode not to change the normalization of
   currently-assigned characters in future versions of normalization.
   If a future version of the normalization tables changes the
   normalized value of an existing character, authors of profiles of
   this document have to look at the changes very carefully before they
   update their normalization tables.  Such a change could cause a
   variance between the behavior of systems that have been updated and
   systems that have not been updated.

5. Prohibited Output

   Before the text can be emitted, it MUST be checked for prohibited
   code points.  There are a variety of prohibited code points, as
   described in this section.  A profile of this document MAY use all or
   some of the tables in appendix C.

   The stringprep process never emits both an error and a string.  If an
   error is detected during the checking for prohibited code points,
   only an error is returned.

   Note that the subsections below describe how the tables in appendix C
   were formed.  They are here for people who want to understand more,
   but they should be ignored by implementors.  Implementations that use
   tables MUST map based on the tables themselves, not based on the
   descriptions in this section of how the tables were created.

   The lists in appendix C MUST be used by implementations of this
   specification.  If there are any discrepancies between the lists in
   appendix C and subsections below, the lists in appendix C always take
   precedence.

   Some code points listed in one section may also appear in other
   sections.

   It is important to note that a profile of this document MAY prohibit
   additional characters.






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   Each subsection of this section has a matching subsection in appendix
   C.  For example, the characters listed in section 5.1 are listed in
   appendix C.1.

5.1 Space characters

   Space characters can make accurate visual transcription of strings
   nearly impossible and could lead to user entry errors in many ways.
   Note that the list below is split into two tables in appendix C:
   Table C.1.1 contains the ASCII code points, while Table C.1.2
   contains the non-ASCII code points.  Most profiles of this document
   that want to prohibit space characters will want to include both
   tables.

   0020; SPACE
   00A0; NO-BREAK SPACE
   1680; OGHAM SPACE MARK
   2000; EN QUAD
   2001; EM QUAD
   2002; EN SPACE
   2003; EM SPACE
   2004; THREE-PER-EM SPACE
   2005; FOUR-PER-EM SPACE
   2006; SIX-PER-EM SPACE
   2007; FIGURE SPACE
   2008; PUNCTUATION SPACE
   2009; THIN SPACE
   200A; HAIR SPACE
   200B; ZERO WIDTH SPACE
   202F; NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE
   205F; MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE
   3000; IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE

5.2 Control characters

   Control characters (or characters with control function) cannot be
   seen and can cause unpredictable results when displayed.  Note that
   the list below is split into two tables in appendix C: Table C.2.1
   contains the ASCII code points, while Table C.2.2 contains the non-
   ASCII code points.  Most profiles of this document that want to
   prohibit control characters will want to include both tables.

   0000-001F; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   007F; DELETE
   0080-009F; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   06DD; ARABIC END OF AYAH
   070F; SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK
   180E; MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR



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   200C; ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER
   200D; ZERO WIDTH JOINER
   2028; LINE SEPARATOR
   2029; PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR
   2060; WORD JOINER
   2061; FUNCTION APPLICATION
   2062; INVISIBLE TIMES
   2063; INVISIBLE SEPARATOR
   206A-206F; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   FEFF; ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE
   FFF9-FFFC; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   1D173-1D17A; [MUSICAL CONTROL CHARACTERS]

5.3 Private use

   Because private-use characters do not have defined meanings, they are
   likely to be prohibited.  The private-use characters are:

   E000-F8FF; [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 0]
   F0000-FFFFD; [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 15]
   100000-10FFFD; [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 16]

5.4 Non-character code points

   Non-character code points are code points that have been allocated in
   ISO/IEC 10646 but are not characters.  Because they are already
   assigned, they are guaranteed not to later change into characters.

   FDD0-FDEF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   FFFE-FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   1FFFE-1FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   2FFFE-2FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   3FFFE-3FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   4FFFE-4FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   5FFFE-5FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   6FFFE-6FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   7FFFE-7FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   8FFFE-8FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   9FFFE-9FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   AFFFE-AFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   BFFFE-BFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   CFFFE-CFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   DFFFE-DFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   EFFFE-EFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   FFFFE-FFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   10FFFE-10FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]





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   The non-character code points are listed in the PropList.txt file
   from the Unicode database.

5.5 Surrogate codes

   The following code points are permanently reserved for use as
   surrogate code values in the UTF-16 encoding, will never be assigned
   to characters in the Unicode repertoire, and are therefore
   prohibited:

   D800-DFFF; [SURROGATE CODES]

5.6 Inappropriate for plain text

   The following characters do not appear in regular text.

   FFF9; INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR
   FFFA; INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR
   FFFB; INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR
   FFFC; OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER

   Although the replacement character (U+FFFD) might be used when a
   string is displayed,  it doesn't make sense for it to be part of the
   string itself.  It is often displayed by renderers to indicate "there
   would be some character here, but it cannot be rendered".  For
   example, on a computer with no Asian fonts, a string with three
   ideographs might be rendered with three replacement characters.

   FFFD; REPLACEMENT CHARACTER

5.7 Inappropriate for canonical representation

   The ideographic description characters allow different sequences of
   characters to be rendered the same way, which makes them
   inappropriate for strings that have to have a single canonical
   representation.

   2FF0-2FFB; [IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTERS]

5.8 Change display properties or are deprecated

   The following characters can cause changes in display or the order in
   which characters appear when rendered, or are deprecated in Unicode.

   0340; COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK
   0341; COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK
   200E; LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK
   200F; RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK



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   202A; LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING
   202B; RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING
   202C; POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
   202D; LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE
   202E; RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
   206A; INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING
   206B; ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING
   206C; INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING
   206D; ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING
   206E; NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES
   206F; NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES

5.9 Tagging characters

   The following characters are used for tagging text and are invisible.

   E0001; LANGUAGE TAG
   E0020-E007F; [TAGGING CHARACTERS]

6. Bidirectional Characters

   Most characters are displayed from left to right, but some are
   displayed from right to left.  This feature of Unicode is called
   "bidirectional text", or "bidi" for short.  The Unicode standard has
   an extensive discussion of how to reorder glyphs for display when
   dealing with bidirectional text such as Arabic or Hebrew.  See [UAX9]
   for more information.  In particular, all Unicode text is stored in
   logical order.

   A profile MAY choose to ignore bidirectional text.  However, ignoring
   bidirectional text can cause display ambiguities.  For example, it is
   quite easy to create two different strings with the same characters
   (but in different order) that are correctly displayed identically.
   Therefore, in order to avoid most problems with ambiguous
   bidirectional text display, profile creators should strongly consider
   including the bidirectional character handling described in this
   section in their profile.

   The stringprep process never emits both an error and a string.  If an
   error is detected during the checking of bidirectional strings, only
   an error is returned.

   [Unicode3.2] defines several bidirectional categories; each character
   has one bidirectional category assigned to it.  For the purposes of
   the requirements below, an "RandALCat character" is a character that
   has Unicode bidirectional categories "R" or "AL"; an "LCat character"
   is a character that has Unicode bidirectional category "L".  Note




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   that there are many characters which fall in neither of the above
   definitions; Latin digits (<U+0030> through <U+0039>) are examples of
   this because they have bidirectional category "EN".

   In any profile that specifies bidirectional character handling, all
   three of the following requirements MUST be met:

   1) The characters in section 5.8 MUST be prohibited.

   2) If a string contains any RandALCat character, the string MUST NOT
      contain any LCat character.

   3) If a string contains any RandALCat character, a RandALCat
      character MUST be the first character of the string, and a
      RandALCat character MUST be the last character of the string.

   Note that requirement 3 prohibits strings such as <U+0627><U+0031>
   ("aleph 1") but allows strings such as <U+0627><U+0031><U+0628>
   ("aleph 1 beh").  [UAX9] goes into great detail about the display
   order of strings that contain particular categories of characters in
   particular sequences.

   Table D.1 lists the characters that belong to Unicode bidirectional
   categories "R" and "AL".  Table D.2 lists all the characters that
   belong to Unicode bidirectonal category "L".  These tables are
   derived from [Unicode3.2].

7. Unassigned Code Points in Stringprep Profiles

   This section describes two different types of strings in typical
   protocols where internationalized strings are used: "stored strings"
   and "queries".  Of course, different Internet protocols use strings
   very differently, so these terms cannot be used exactly in every
   protocol that needs to use stringprep.  In general, "stored strings"
   are strings that are used in protocol identifiers and named entities,
   such as names in digital certificates and DNS domain name parts.
   "Queries" are strings that are used to match against strings that are
   stored identifiers, such as user-entered names for digital
   certificate authorities and DNS lookups.

   All code points not assigned in the character repertoire named in a
   stringprep profile are called "unassigned code points".  Stored
   strings using the profile MUST NOT contain any unassigned code
   points.  Queries for matching strings MAY contain unassigned code
   points.  Note that this is the only part of this document where the
   requirements for queries differs from the requirements for stored
   strings.




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   Using two different policies for where unassigned code points can
   appear removes the need for versioning in protocols that use
   stringprep profiles.  This is very useful since it makes the overall
   processing simpler and does not impose a "protocol" to handle
   versioning.  It is expected that the ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode
   repertoires will be updated fairly frequently; at the time that this
   document is being written, it has happened approximately once a year.
   Each time a new version of a repertoire appears, a new version of a
   profile MAY be created.  Some end users will want to use the new code
   points as soon as they are defined.

   The list of unassigned code points MUST be given in a profile, and
   that list MUST be used by implementations of the profile.

   The goal of the requirements in this section is to prevent
   comparisons between two strings that were both permitted to contain
   unassigned code points.  When two strings X and Y are compared and
   string Y was prepared in a way that permits unassigned code points, a
   negative result to the comparison is not definitive; it's possible
   that the strings don't match even though they would match if a more
   recent version of the profile were used for Y.  However, if both X
   and Y were prepared in a way that permits unassigned code points,
   something worse can happen: even a positive result for the comparison
   is not definitive.  It is possible that the strings do match even
   though they would not match if a more recent version of the profile
   were used (one that prohibits a code point appearing in both X and
   Y).

   Due to the way that versioning is handled in this section, stored
   strings that are embedded in structures that cannot be changed (such
   as the signed parts of digital certificates) MUST NOT contain any
   unassigned code points.

7.1 Categories of code points

   Each code point in a repertoire named by a profile of stringprep can
   be categorized by how it acts in the process described in earlier
   sections of this document:

      AO      Code points that can be in the output

      MN      Code points that cannot be in the output because they
              never appear as output from mapping or normalization

      D       Code points that cannot be in the output because they are
              disallowed in the prohibition step

      U       Unassigned code points



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   A subsequent version of a profile that references a newer version of
   a repertoire with new code points will inherently have some code
   points move from category U to either D, MN, or AO.  For backwards
   compatibility, a subsequent version of a profile MUST NOT move code
   points from any other category.  That is, current AO, MN, or D code
   points MUST NOT ever change to a different category.

   Stored strings MUST NOT contain any code points outside of AO for the
   latest version of a profile.  That is, they are forbidden to contain
   code points from the MN, D, or U categories.

   Applications creating queries MUST treat U code points as if they
   were AO when preparing the query to be entered in the process
   described by a profile of stringprep.  Those applications MAY
   optionally have a preprocessor that provide stricter checks: treating
   unassigned code points in the input as errors, or warning the user
   about the fact that the code point is unassigned in the version of a
   profile that the software is based on; such a choice is a local
   matter for the software.

7.2 Reasons for the difference between stored strings and queries

   Different software using different versions of a stringprep profile
   need to interoperate with maximal compatibility.  The scheme
   described in this section (stored strings MUST NOT contain unassigned
   code points, queries MAY include unassigned code points) allows that
   compatibility without introducing any known security or
   interoperability issues.

   The list below shows what happens if a query contains a code point
   from category U that is allowed in a newer version of a profile.  The
   query either matches the string that was intended, or matches no
   string at all.  In this list, the query comes from an application
   using version "oldVersion" of a profile, the stored string was
   created using version "newVersion" of the same profile, and the code
   point X was in category U in oldVersion, and has changed category to
   AO, MN, or D.  There are 3 possible scenarios:

   1. X is assigned to AO -- In newVersion, X is in category AO.
      Because the application passed X through, it gets back a positive
      match with the stored string.  There is one exceptional case,
      where X is a combining mark.

      The order of combining marks is normalized, so if another
      combining mark Y has a lower combining class than X then XY will
      be put in the canonical order YX.  (Unassigned code points are
      never reordered, so this doesn't happen in oldVersion).  If the
      query contains YX, the query will get positive match with the



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      stored string.  However, no string can be stored with XY, so a
      query with XY will get a negative answer to the test for matching.

   2. X is assigned to MN -- In newVersion, X is normalized to code
      point "nX" and therefore X is now put in category MN.  This cannot
      exist in any stored string, so any query containing X will get a
      negative answer to the test for matching.  Note, however, if the
      query had contained the letter nX, it would have positively
      matched.

   3. X is assigned to D -- In newVersion, X is in category D.  This
      cannot exist in any stored string, so any query containing X will
      get a negative answer to the test for matching.

   In none of the cases does the query get data for a stored string
   other than the one it actually tried to match against.

   Profiles are stable between versions in the following sense: If a
   string S has been prepared using newVersion, then it will not change
   if it is subsequently prepared using oldVersion.

7.3 Versions of applications and stored strings

   Another way to see that this versioning system works is to compare
   what happens when an application uses a newer or older version of a
   profile.

   Newer query application -- Suppose that a querying application is
   using version newVersion and the stored string was created using
   version oldVersion.  This case is simple: there will be no characters
   in the stored string that cannot be queried by the application
   because the new profile uses a superset of the code points used for
   making the stored string.

   Newer stored string -- Suppose that a querying application is using
   oldVersion and the stored string was created using a profile that
   uses newVersion.  Because the querying application let unassigned
   code points pass through, the user can query on stored strings that
   use code points in newVersion.  No stored strings can have code
   points that are unassigned in newVersion, since that is illegal.  In
   order to get a match, the querying application has to enter the
   unassigned code points in the proper order, and has to use unassigned
   code points that would make it through both the mapping and the
   normalization steps.







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8. References

8.1 Normative references

   [UAX15]      Mark Davis and Martin Duerst. Unicode Standard Annex
                #15:  Unicode Normalization Forms, Version 3.2.0.
                <http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/tr15-
                22.html>.

   [Unicode3.2] The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version
                3.2.0 is defined by The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0
                (Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 2000. ISBN 0-201-61633-5),
                as amended by the Unicode Standard Annex #27: Unicode
                3.1 (http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr27/) and by the
                Unicode Standard Annex #28: Unicode 3.2
                (http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr28/).

   [RFC2119]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

8.2 Informative references

   [CharModel]  Unicode Technical Report;17, Character Encoding Model.
                <http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr17/>.

   [Glossary]   Unicode Glossary, <http://www.unicode.org/glossary/>.

   [ISO10646]   ISO/IEC, "Information Technology - Universal Multiple-
                Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - Part 1: Architecture
                and Basic Multilingual Plane", ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000,
                October 2000.

   [RFC2434]    Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for IANA
                Considerations", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.

   [UAX9]       The Unicode Consortium. Unicode Standard Annex #9, The
                Bidirectional Algorithm,
                <http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr9/>.

   [UTR21]      Mark Davis. Case Mappings. Unicode Technical Report 21.
                <http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/>.

9. Security Considerations

   Stringprep is used with Unicode characters.  There are security
   considerations that are specific to stringprep, and others that are
   generic to using Unicode.




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9.1 Stringprep-specific security considerations

   The Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 repertoires have many characters that
   look similar.  In many cases, users of security protocols might do
   visual matching, such as when comparing the names of trusted third
   parties.  Because it is impossible to map similar-looking characters
   without a great deal of context such as knowing the fonts used,
   stringprep does nothing to map similar-looking characters together
   nor to prohibit some characters because they look like others.  User
   applications can help disambiguate some similar-looking characters by
   showing the user when a string changes between scripts.

   Most profiles of stringprep can cause changes in strings that are
   input to stringprep.  Because of this, protocols that have sets of
   non-allowed characters or sequences MUST check for the non-allowed
   characters or sequences after the stringprep processing.

   This document does not mandate the checking of bidirectional
   characters in section 6.  If the requirements in section 6 are not
   used in a profile of stringprep, it is easy to create many strings
   whose characters are in different order but are displayed
   identically.  This can cause security-related user confusion similar
   to look-alike characters, as described above.

   Stringprep does not do anything to assure that any algorithms
   translating characters from non-Unicode into Unicode produce the same
   output in all implementations.

   Some Unicode codepoints are invisible.  Protocols that allow these
   characters (that is, do not map them out or prohibit them in
   stringprep) can cause users confusion when two identical-looking
   strings do not match.

9.2 Generic Unicode security considerations

   Using Unicode characters explicitly forces applications to use
   multi-octet characters.  Converting an application from one that uses
   single-octet characters to one that uses multi-octet characters must
   be done very carefully, particularly in an application that checks
   for values of characters or sorts characters.

   Protocols that use stringprep usually also use encodings of Unicode,
   such as UTF-8 or UTF-16.  Some applications using those encodings
   have been known to not check for illegal or ill-formed sequences in
   the encodings, and thereby have not detected sequences of octets that
   would have been detected if they used just ASCII.  For example, in





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   UTF-8 the octet sequence "0xC0 0xAB" is an illegal formation of
   U+002B (plus sign).  All programs should reject any string that is an
   illegal or ill-formed octet sequence for the encoding being used.

   Both Unicode normalization and conversion between Unicode encodings
   can cause strings to grow or shrink.  Programs that used fixed-size
   buffers, or that make assumptions that buffers will always be greater
   than or less than particular sizes, are likely to fail in insecure
   fashions when using Unicode normalization or encoding conversions.

   Covering an extensive list of security threats and considerations on
   the use of current and future versions of Unicode is outside of the
   scope of this document.

10. IANA Considerations

   Stringprep profiles MUST have IETF consensus as described in
   [RFC2434].  Each profile MUST be reviewed by the IESG before it is
   registered.  The IESG MAY change a profile before registration.

   IANA has set up a registry of stringprep profiles.  This registry is
   a single text file that lists the known profiles.  Each entry in the
   registry has three fields:

   - Profile name

   - RFC in which the profile is defined

   - Indicator whether or not this is the newest version of the profile

   Each version of a profile will remain listed in the registry forever.
   That is, if a new version of a profile supersedes an earlier version,
   both versions will continue to be listed in the registry, but the
   current version indicator will be turned off for the earlier version
   and turned on for the newer version.

   It is probably harmful if a large number of profiles of stringprep
   proliferate.  Therefore, the IESG may reject proposals for new
   profiles and instead suggest that protocols reuse existing profiles.












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11. Acknowledgements

   Many people from the IETF IDN Working Group and the Unicode Technical
   Committee contributed ideas that went into the first document of this
   document.  Mark Davis and Patrik Faltstrom were particularly helpful
   in some of the ideas, such as the versioning description.

   The IDN nameprep design team made many useful changes to the first
   document.  That team and its advisors include:

   Asmus Freytag
   Cathy Wissink
   Francois Yergeau
   James Seng
   Marc Blanchet
   Mark Davis
   Martin Duerst
   Patrik Faltstrom
   Paul Hoffman

   Additional significant improvements were proposed by:

   Jonathan Rosenne
   Kent Karlsson
   Scott Hollenbeck
   Dave Crocker
   Erik Nordmark
   Matitiahu Allouche























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A. Unicode repertoires

   The following is the only repertoire covered in this document:

   Unicode 3.2, as defined in [Unicode3.2].

A.1 Unassigned code points in Unicode 3.2

   ----- Start Table A.1 -----
   0221
   0234-024F
   02AE-02AF
   02EF-02FF
   0350-035F
   0370-0373
   0376-0379
   037B-037D
   037F-0383
   038B
   038D
   03A2
   03CF
   03F7-03FF
   0487
   04CF
   04F6-04F7
   04FA-04FF
   0510-0530
   0557-0558
   0560
   0588
   058B-0590
   05A2
   05BA
   05C5-05CF
   05EB-05EF
   05F5-060B
   060D-061A
   061C-061E
   0620
   063B-063F
   0656-065F
   06EE-06EF
   06FF
   070E
   072D-072F
   074B-077F
   07B2-0900



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   0904
   093A-093B
   094E-094F
   0955-0957
   0971-0980
   0984
   098D-098E
   0991-0992
   09A9
   09B1
   09B3-09B5
   09BA-09BB
   09BD
   09C5-09C6
   09C9-09CA
   09CE-09D6
   09D8-09DB
   09DE
   09E4-09E5
   09FB-0A01
   0A03-0A04
   0A0B-0A0E
   0A11-0A12
   0A29
   0A31
   0A34
   0A37
   0A3A-0A3B
   0A3D
   0A43-0A46
   0A49-0A4A
   0A4E-0A58
   0A5D
   0A5F-0A65
   0A75-0A80
   0A84
   0A8C
   0A8E
   0A92
   0AA9
   0AB1
   0AB4
   0ABA-0ABB
   0AC6
   0ACA
   0ACE-0ACF
   0AD1-0ADF
   0AE1-0AE5



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   0AF0-0B00
   0B04
   0B0D-0B0E
   0B11-0B12
   0B29
   0B31
   0B34-0B35
   0B3A-0B3B
   0B44-0B46
   0B49-0B4A
   0B4E-0B55
   0B58-0B5B
   0B5E
   0B62-0B65
   0B71-0B81
   0B84
   0B8B-0B8D
   0B91
   0B96-0B98
   0B9B
   0B9D
   0BA0-0BA2
   0BA5-0BA7
   0BAB-0BAD
   0BB6
   0BBA-0BBD
   0BC3-0BC5
   0BC9
   0BCE-0BD6
   0BD8-0BE6
   0BF3-0C00
   0C04
   0C0D
   0C11
   0C29
   0C34
   0C3A-0C3D
   0C45
   0C49
   0C4E-0C54
   0C57-0C5F
   0C62-0C65
   0C70-0C81
   0C84
   0C8D
   0C91
   0CA9
   0CB4



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   0CBA-0CBD
   0CC5
   0CC9
   0CCE-0CD4
   0CD7-0CDD
   0CDF
   0CE2-0CE5
   0CF0-0D01
   0D04
   0D0D
   0D11
   0D29
   0D3A-0D3D
   0D44-0D45
   0D49
   0D4E-0D56
   0D58-0D5F
   0D62-0D65
   0D70-0D81
   0D84
   0D97-0D99
   0DB2
   0DBC
   0DBE-0DBF
   0DC7-0DC9
   0DCB-0DCE
   0DD5
   0DD7
   0DE0-0DF1
   0DF5-0E00
   0E3B-0E3E
   0E5C-0E80
   0E83
   0E85-0E86
   0E89
   0E8B-0E8C
   0E8E-0E93
   0E98
   0EA0
   0EA4
   0EA6
   0EA8-0EA9
   0EAC
   0EBA
   0EBE-0EBF
   0EC5
   0EC7
   0ECE-0ECF



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   0EDA-0EDB
   0EDE-0EFF
   0F48
   0F6B-0F70
   0F8C-0F8F
   0F98
   0FBD
   0FCD-0FCE
   0FD0-0FFF
   1022
   1028
   102B
   1033-1035
   103A-103F
   105A-109F
   10C6-10CF
   10F9-10FA
   10FC-10FF
   115A-115E
   11A3-11A7
   11FA-11FF
   1207
   1247
   1249
   124E-124F
   1257
   1259
   125E-125F
   1287
   1289
   128E-128F
   12AF
   12B1
   12B6-12B7
   12BF
   12C1
   12C6-12C7
   12CF
   12D7
   12EF
   130F
   1311
   1316-1317
   131F
   1347
   135B-1360
   137D-139F
   13F5-1400



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   1677-167F
   169D-169F
   16F1-16FF
   170D
   1715-171F
   1737-173F
   1754-175F
   176D
   1771
   1774-177F
   17DD-17DF
   17EA-17FF
   180F
   181A-181F
   1878-187F
   18AA-1DFF
   1E9C-1E9F
   1EFA-1EFF
   1F16-1F17
   1F1E-1F1F
   1F46-1F47
   1F4E-1F4F
   1F58
   1F5A
   1F5C
   1F5E
   1F7E-1F7F
   1FB5
   1FC5
   1FD4-1FD5
   1FDC
   1FF0-1FF1
   1FF5
   1FFF
   2053-2056
   2058-205E
   2064-2069
   2072-2073
   208F-209F
   20B2-20CF
   20EB-20FF
   213B-213C
   214C-2152
   2184-218F
   23CF-23FF
   2427-243F
   244B-245F
   24FF



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   2614-2615
   2618
   267E-267F
   268A-2700
   2705
   270A-270B
   2728
   274C
   274E
   2753-2755
   2757
   275F-2760
   2795-2797
   27B0
   27BF-27CF
   27EC-27EF
   2B00-2E7F
   2E9A
   2EF4-2EFF
   2FD6-2FEF
   2FFC-2FFF
   3040
   3097-3098
   3100-3104
   312D-3130
   318F
   31B8-31EF
   321D-321F
   3244-3250
   327C-327E
   32CC-32CF
   32FF
   3377-337A
   33DE-33DF
   33FF
   4DB6-4DFF
   9FA6-9FFF
   A48D-A48F
   A4C7-ABFF
   D7A4-D7FF
   FA2E-FA2F
   FA6B-FAFF
   FB07-FB12
   FB18-FB1C
   FB37
   FB3D
   FB3F
   FB42



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   FB45
   FBB2-FBD2
   FD40-FD4F
   FD90-FD91
   FDC8-FDCF
   FDFD-FDFF
   FE10-FE1F
   FE24-FE2F
   FE47-FE48
   FE53
   FE67
   FE6C-FE6F
   FE75
   FEFD-FEFE
   FF00
   FFBF-FFC1
   FFC8-FFC9
   FFD0-FFD1
   FFD8-FFD9
   FFDD-FFDF
   FFE7
   FFEF-FFF8
   10000-102FF
   1031F
   10324-1032F
   1034B-103FF
   10426-10427
   1044E-1CFFF
   1D0F6-1D0FF
   1D127-1D129
   1D1DE-1D3FF
   1D455
   1D49D
   1D4A0-1D4A1
   1D4A3-1D4A4
   1D4A7-1D4A8
   1D4AD
   1D4BA
   1D4BC
   1D4C1
   1D4C4
   1D506
   1D50B-1D50C
   1D515
   1D51D
   1D53A
   1D53F
   1D545



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   1D547-1D549
   1D551
   1D6A4-1D6A7
   1D7CA-1D7CD
   1D800-1FFFD
   2A6D7-2F7FF
   2FA1E-2FFFD
   30000-3FFFD
   40000-4FFFD
   50000-5FFFD
   60000-6FFFD
   70000-7FFFD
   80000-8FFFD
   90000-9FFFD
   A0000-AFFFD
   B0000-BFFFD
   C0000-CFFFD
   D0000-DFFFD
   E0000
   E0002-E001F
   E0080-EFFFD
   ----- End Table A.1 -----

B. Mapping Tables

   The following is the mapping table from section 3.  The table has
   three columns:

   - the code point that is mapped from
   - the zero or more code points that it is mapped to
   - the reason for the mapping

   The columns are separated by semicolons.  Note that the second column
   may be empty, or it may have one code point, or it may have more than
   one code point, with each code point separated by a space.

B.1 Commonly mapped to nothing

   ----- Start Table B.1 -----
   00AD; ; Map to nothing
   034F; ; Map to nothing
   1806; ; Map to nothing
   180B; ; Map to nothing
   180C; ; Map to nothing
   180D; ; Map to nothing
   200B; ; Map to nothing
   200C; ; Map to nothing
   200D; ; Map to nothing



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 31]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   2060; ; Map to nothing
   FE00; ; Map to nothing
   FE01; ; Map to nothing
   FE02; ; Map to nothing
   FE03; ; Map to nothing
   FE04; ; Map to nothing
   FE05; ; Map to nothing
   FE06; ; Map to nothing
   FE07; ; Map to nothing
   FE08; ; Map to nothing
   FE09; ; Map to nothing
   FE0A; ; Map to nothing
   FE0B; ; Map to nothing
   FE0C; ; Map to nothing
   FE0D; ; Map to nothing
   FE0E; ; Map to nothing
   FE0F; ; Map to nothing
   FEFF; ; Map to nothing
   ----- End Table B.1 -----

B.2 Mapping for case-folding used with NFKC

   ----- Start Table B.2 -----
   0041; 0061; Case map
   0042; 0062; Case map
   0043; 0063; Case map
   0044; 0064; Case map
   0045; 0065; Case map
   0046; 0066; Case map
   0047; 0067; Case map
   0048; 0068; Case map
   0049; 0069; Case map
   004A; 006A; Case map
   004B; 006B; Case map
   004C; 006C; Case map
   004D; 006D; Case map
   004E; 006E; Case map
   004F; 006F; Case map
   0050; 0070; Case map
   0051; 0071; Case map
   0052; 0072; Case map
   0053; 0073; Case map
   0054; 0074; Case map
   0055; 0075; Case map
   0056; 0076; Case map
   0057; 0077; Case map
   0058; 0078; Case map
   0059; 0079; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 32]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   005A; 007A; Case map
   00B5; 03BC; Case map
   00C0; 00E0; Case map
   00C1; 00E1; Case map
   00C2; 00E2; Case map
   00C3; 00E3; Case map
   00C4; 00E4; Case map
   00C5; 00E5; Case map
   00C6; 00E6; Case map
   00C7; 00E7; Case map
   00C8; 00E8; Case map
   00C9; 00E9; Case map
   00CA; 00EA; Case map
   00CB; 00EB; Case map
   00CC; 00EC; Case map
   00CD; 00ED; Case map
   00CE; 00EE; Case map
   00CF; 00EF; Case map
   00D0; 00F0; Case map
   00D1; 00F1; Case map
   00D2; 00F2; Case map
   00D3; 00F3; Case map
   00D4; 00F4; Case map
   00D5; 00F5; Case map
   00D6; 00F6; Case map
   00D8; 00F8; Case map
   00D9; 00F9; Case map
   00DA; 00FA; Case map
   00DB; 00FB; Case map
   00DC; 00FC; Case map
   00DD; 00FD; Case map
   00DE; 00FE; Case map
   00DF; 0073 0073; Case map
   0100; 0101; Case map
   0102; 0103; Case map
   0104; 0105; Case map
   0106; 0107; Case map
   0108; 0109; Case map
   010A; 010B; Case map
   010C; 010D; Case map
   010E; 010F; Case map
   0110; 0111; Case map
   0112; 0113; Case map
   0114; 0115; Case map
   0116; 0117; Case map
   0118; 0119; Case map
   011A; 011B; Case map
   011C; 011D; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 33]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   011E; 011F; Case map
   0120; 0121; Case map
   0122; 0123; Case map
   0124; 0125; Case map
   0126; 0127; Case map
   0128; 0129; Case map
   012A; 012B; Case map
   012C; 012D; Case map
   012E; 012F; Case map
   0130; 0069 0307; Case map
   0132; 0133; Case map
   0134; 0135; Case map
   0136; 0137; Case map
   0139; 013A; Case map
   013B; 013C; Case map
   013D; 013E; Case map
   013F; 0140; Case map
   0141; 0142; Case map
   0143; 0144; Case map
   0145; 0146; Case map
   0147; 0148; Case map
   0149; 02BC 006E; Case map
   014A; 014B; Case map
   014C; 014D; Case map
   014E; 014F; Case map
   0150; 0151; Case map
   0152; 0153; Case map
   0154; 0155; Case map
   0156; 0157; Case map
   0158; 0159; Case map
   015A; 015B; Case map
   015C; 015D; Case map
   015E; 015F; Case map
   0160; 0161; Case map
   0162; 0163; Case map
   0164; 0165; Case map
   0166; 0167; Case map
   0168; 0169; Case map
   016A; 016B; Case map
   016C; 016D; Case map
   016E; 016F; Case map
   0170; 0171; Case map
   0172; 0173; Case map
   0174; 0175; Case map
   0176; 0177; Case map
   0178; 00FF; Case map
   0179; 017A; Case map
   017B; 017C; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 34]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   017D; 017E; Case map
   017F; 0073; Case map
   0181; 0253; Case map
   0182; 0183; Case map
   0184; 0185; Case map
   0186; 0254; Case map
   0187; 0188; Case map
   0189; 0256; Case map
   018A; 0257; Case map
   018B; 018C; Case map
   018E; 01DD; Case map
   018F; 0259; Case map
   0190; 025B; Case map
   0191; 0192; Case map
   0193; 0260; Case map
   0194; 0263; Case map
   0196; 0269; Case map
   0197; 0268; Case map
   0198; 0199; Case map
   019C; 026F; Case map
   019D; 0272; Case map
   019F; 0275; Case map
   01A0; 01A1; Case map
   01A2; 01A3; Case map
   01A4; 01A5; Case map
   01A6; 0280; Case map
   01A7; 01A8; Case map
   01A9; 0283; Case map
   01AC; 01AD; Case map
   01AE; 0288; Case map
   01AF; 01B0; Case map
   01B1; 028A; Case map
   01B2; 028B; Case map
   01B3; 01B4; Case map
   01B5; 01B6; Case map
   01B7; 0292; Case map
   01B8; 01B9; Case map
   01BC; 01BD; Case map
   01C4; 01C6; Case map
   01C5; 01C6; Case map
   01C7; 01C9; Case map
   01C8; 01C9; Case map
   01CA; 01CC; Case map
   01CB; 01CC; Case map
   01CD; 01CE; Case map
   01CF; 01D0; Case map
   01D1; 01D2; Case map
   01D3; 01D4; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 35]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   01D5; 01D6; Case map
   01D7; 01D8; Case map
   01D9; 01DA; Case map
   01DB; 01DC; Case map
   01DE; 01DF; Case map
   01E0; 01E1; Case map
   01E2; 01E3; Case map
   01E4; 01E5; Case map
   01E6; 01E7; Case map
   01E8; 01E9; Case map
   01EA; 01EB; Case map
   01EC; 01ED; Case map
   01EE; 01EF; Case map
   01F0; 006A 030C; Case map
   01F1; 01F3; Case map
   01F2; 01F3; Case map
   01F4; 01F5; Case map
   01F6; 0195; Case map
   01F7; 01BF; Case map
   01F8; 01F9; Case map
   01FA; 01FB; Case map
   01FC; 01FD; Case map
   01FE; 01FF; Case map
   0200; 0201; Case map
   0202; 0203; Case map
   0204; 0205; Case map
   0206; 0207; Case map
   0208; 0209; Case map
   020A; 020B; Case map
   020C; 020D; Case map
   020E; 020F; Case map
   0210; 0211; Case map
   0212; 0213; Case map
   0214; 0215; Case map
   0216; 0217; Case map
   0218; 0219; Case map
   021A; 021B; Case map
   021C; 021D; Case map
   021E; 021F; Case map
   0220; 019E; Case map
   0222; 0223; Case map
   0224; 0225; Case map
   0226; 0227; Case map
   0228; 0229; Case map
   022A; 022B; Case map
   022C; 022D; Case map
   022E; 022F; Case map
   0230; 0231; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 36]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0232; 0233; Case map
   0345; 03B9; Case map
   037A; 0020 03B9; Additional folding
   0386; 03AC; Case map
   0388; 03AD; Case map
   0389; 03AE; Case map
   038A; 03AF; Case map
   038C; 03CC; Case map
   038E; 03CD; Case map
   038F; 03CE; Case map
   0390; 03B9 0308 0301; Case map
   0391; 03B1; Case map
   0392; 03B2; Case map
   0393; 03B3; Case map
   0394; 03B4; Case map
   0395; 03B5; Case map
   0396; 03B6; Case map
   0397; 03B7; Case map
   0398; 03B8; Case map
   0399; 03B9; Case map
   039A; 03BA; Case map
   039B; 03BB; Case map
   039C; 03BC; Case map
   039D; 03BD; Case map
   039E; 03BE; Case map
   039F; 03BF; Case map
   03A0; 03C0; Case map
   03A1; 03C1; Case map
   03A3; 03C3; Case map
   03A4; 03C4; Case map
   03A5; 03C5; Case map
   03A6; 03C6; Case map
   03A7; 03C7; Case map
   03A8; 03C8; Case map
   03A9; 03C9; Case map
   03AA; 03CA; Case map
   03AB; 03CB; Case map
   03B0; 03C5 0308 0301; Case map
   03C2; 03C3; Case map
   03D0; 03B2; Case map
   03D1; 03B8; Case map
   03D2; 03C5; Additional folding
   03D3; 03CD; Additional folding
   03D4; 03CB; Additional folding
   03D5; 03C6; Case map
   03D6; 03C0; Case map
   03D8; 03D9; Case map
   03DA; 03DB; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 37]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   03DC; 03DD; Case map
   03DE; 03DF; Case map
   03E0; 03E1; Case map
   03E2; 03E3; Case map
   03E4; 03E5; Case map
   03E6; 03E7; Case map
   03E8; 03E9; Case map
   03EA; 03EB; Case map
   03EC; 03ED; Case map
   03EE; 03EF; Case map
   03F0; 03BA; Case map
   03F1; 03C1; Case map
   03F2; 03C3; Case map
   03F4; 03B8; Case map
   03F5; 03B5; Case map
   0400; 0450; Case map
   0401; 0451; Case map
   0402; 0452; Case map
   0403; 0453; Case map
   0404; 0454; Case map
   0405; 0455; Case map
   0406; 0456; Case map
   0407; 0457; Case map
   0408; 0458; Case map
   0409; 0459; Case map
   040A; 045A; Case map
   040B; 045B; Case map
   040C; 045C; Case map
   040D; 045D; Case map
   040E; 045E; Case map
   040F; 045F; Case map
   0410; 0430; Case map
   0411; 0431; Case map
   0412; 0432; Case map
   0413; 0433; Case map
   0414; 0434; Case map
   0415; 0435; Case map
   0416; 0436; Case map
   0417; 0437; Case map
   0418; 0438; Case map
   0419; 0439; Case map
   041A; 043A; Case map
   041B; 043B; Case map
   041C; 043C; Case map
   041D; 043D; Case map
   041E; 043E; Case map
   041F; 043F; Case map
   0420; 0440; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 38]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0421; 0441; Case map
   0422; 0442; Case map
   0423; 0443; Case map
   0424; 0444; Case map
   0425; 0445; Case map
   0426; 0446; Case map
   0427; 0447; Case map
   0428; 0448; Case map
   0429; 0449; Case map
   042A; 044A; Case map
   042B; 044B; Case map
   042C; 044C; Case map
   042D; 044D; Case map
   042E; 044E; Case map
   042F; 044F; Case map
   0460; 0461; Case map
   0462; 0463; Case map
   0464; 0465; Case map
   0466; 0467; Case map
   0468; 0469; Case map
   046A; 046B; Case map
   046C; 046D; Case map
   046E; 046F; Case map
   0470; 0471; Case map
   0472; 0473; Case map
   0474; 0475; Case map
   0476; 0477; Case map
   0478; 0479; Case map
   047A; 047B; Case map
   047C; 047D; Case map
   047E; 047F; Case map
   0480; 0481; Case map
   048A; 048B; Case map
   048C; 048D; Case map
   048E; 048F; Case map
   0490; 0491; Case map
   0492; 0493; Case map
   0494; 0495; Case map
   0496; 0497; Case map
   0498; 0499; Case map
   049A; 049B; Case map
   049C; 049D; Case map
   049E; 049F; Case map
   04A0; 04A1; Case map
   04A2; 04A3; Case map
   04A4; 04A5; Case map
   04A6; 04A7; Case map
   04A8; 04A9; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 39]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   04AA; 04AB; Case map
   04AC; 04AD; Case map
   04AE; 04AF; Case map
   04B0; 04B1; Case map
   04B2; 04B3; Case map
   04B4; 04B5; Case map
   04B6; 04B7; Case map
   04B8; 04B9; Case map
   04BA; 04BB; Case map
   04BC; 04BD; Case map
   04BE; 04BF; Case map
   04C1; 04C2; Case map
   04C3; 04C4; Case map
   04C5; 04C6; Case map
   04C7; 04C8; Case map
   04C9; 04CA; Case map
   04CB; 04CC; Case map
   04CD; 04CE; Case map
   04D0; 04D1; Case map
   04D2; 04D3; Case map
   04D4; 04D5; Case map
   04D6; 04D7; Case map
   04D8; 04D9; Case map
   04DA; 04DB; Case map
   04DC; 04DD; Case map
   04DE; 04DF; Case map
   04E0; 04E1; Case map
   04E2; 04E3; Case map
   04E4; 04E5; Case map
   04E6; 04E7; Case map
   04E8; 04E9; Case map
   04EA; 04EB; Case map
   04EC; 04ED; Case map
   04EE; 04EF; Case map
   04F0; 04F1; Case map
   04F2; 04F3; Case map
   04F4; 04F5; Case map
   04F8; 04F9; Case map
   0500; 0501; Case map
   0502; 0503; Case map
   0504; 0505; Case map
   0506; 0507; Case map
   0508; 0509; Case map
   050A; 050B; Case map
   050C; 050D; Case map
   050E; 050F; Case map
   0531; 0561; Case map
   0532; 0562; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 40]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0533; 0563; Case map
   0534; 0564; Case map
   0535; 0565; Case map
   0536; 0566; Case map
   0537; 0567; Case map
   0538; 0568; Case map
   0539; 0569; Case map
   053A; 056A; Case map
   053B; 056B; Case map
   053C; 056C; Case map
   053D; 056D; Case map
   053E; 056E; Case map
   053F; 056F; Case map
   0540; 0570; Case map
   0541; 0571; Case map
   0542; 0572; Case map
   0543; 0573; Case map
   0544; 0574; Case map
   0545; 0575; Case map
   0546; 0576; Case map
   0547; 0577; Case map
   0548; 0578; Case map
   0549; 0579; Case map
   054A; 057A; Case map
   054B; 057B; Case map
   054C; 057C; Case map
   054D; 057D; Case map
   054E; 057E; Case map
   054F; 057F; Case map
   0550; 0580; Case map
   0551; 0581; Case map
   0552; 0582; Case map
   0553; 0583; Case map
   0554; 0584; Case map
   0555; 0585; Case map
   0556; 0586; Case map
   0587; 0565 0582; Case map
   1E00; 1E01; Case map
   1E02; 1E03; Case map
   1E04; 1E05; Case map
   1E06; 1E07; Case map
   1E08; 1E09; Case map
   1E0A; 1E0B; Case map
   1E0C; 1E0D; Case map
   1E0E; 1E0F; Case map
   1E10; 1E11; Case map
   1E12; 1E13; Case map
   1E14; 1E15; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 41]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1E16; 1E17; Case map
   1E18; 1E19; Case map
   1E1A; 1E1B; Case map
   1E1C; 1E1D; Case map
   1E1E; 1E1F; Case map
   1E20; 1E21; Case map
   1E22; 1E23; Case map
   1E24; 1E25; Case map
   1E26; 1E27; Case map
   1E28; 1E29; Case map
   1E2A; 1E2B; Case map
   1E2C; 1E2D; Case map
   1E2E; 1E2F; Case map
   1E30; 1E31; Case map
   1E32; 1E33; Case map
   1E34; 1E35; Case map
   1E36; 1E37; Case map
   1E38; 1E39; Case map
   1E3A; 1E3B; Case map
   1E3C; 1E3D; Case map
   1E3E; 1E3F; Case map
   1E40; 1E41; Case map
   1E42; 1E43; Case map
   1E44; 1E45; Case map
   1E46; 1E47; Case map
   1E48; 1E49; Case map
   1E4A; 1E4B; Case map
   1E4C; 1E4D; Case map
   1E4E; 1E4F; Case map
   1E50; 1E51; Case map
   1E52; 1E53; Case map
   1E54; 1E55; Case map
   1E56; 1E57; Case map
   1E58; 1E59; Case map
   1E5A; 1E5B; Case map
   1E5C; 1E5D; Case map
   1E5E; 1E5F; Case map
   1E60; 1E61; Case map
   1E62; 1E63; Case map
   1E64; 1E65; Case map
   1E66; 1E67; Case map
   1E68; 1E69; Case map
   1E6A; 1E6B; Case map
   1E6C; 1E6D; Case map
   1E6E; 1E6F; Case map
   1E70; 1E71; Case map
   1E72; 1E73; Case map
   1E74; 1E75; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 42]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1E76; 1E77; Case map
   1E78; 1E79; Case map
   1E7A; 1E7B; Case map
   1E7C; 1E7D; Case map
   1E7E; 1E7F; Case map
   1E80; 1E81; Case map
   1E82; 1E83; Case map
   1E84; 1E85; Case map
   1E86; 1E87; Case map
   1E88; 1E89; Case map
   1E8A; 1E8B; Case map
   1E8C; 1E8D; Case map
   1E8E; 1E8F; Case map
   1E90; 1E91; Case map
   1E92; 1E93; Case map
   1E94; 1E95; Case map
   1E96; 0068 0331; Case map
   1E97; 0074 0308; Case map
   1E98; 0077 030A; Case map
   1E99; 0079 030A; Case map
   1E9A; 0061 02BE; Case map
   1E9B; 1E61; Case map
   1EA0; 1EA1; Case map
   1EA2; 1EA3; Case map
   1EA4; 1EA5; Case map
   1EA6; 1EA7; Case map
   1EA8; 1EA9; Case map
   1EAA; 1EAB; Case map
   1EAC; 1EAD; Case map
   1EAE; 1EAF; Case map
   1EB0; 1EB1; Case map
   1EB2; 1EB3; Case map
   1EB4; 1EB5; Case map
   1EB6; 1EB7; Case map
   1EB8; 1EB9; Case map
   1EBA; 1EBB; Case map
   1EBC; 1EBD; Case map
   1EBE; 1EBF; Case map
   1EC0; 1EC1; Case map
   1EC2; 1EC3; Case map
   1EC4; 1EC5; Case map
   1EC6; 1EC7; Case map
   1EC8; 1EC9; Case map
   1ECA; 1ECB; Case map
   1ECC; 1ECD; Case map
   1ECE; 1ECF; Case map
   1ED0; 1ED1; Case map
   1ED2; 1ED3; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 43]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1ED4; 1ED5; Case map
   1ED6; 1ED7; Case map
   1ED8; 1ED9; Case map
   1EDA; 1EDB; Case map
   1EDC; 1EDD; Case map
   1EDE; 1EDF; Case map
   1EE0; 1EE1; Case map
   1EE2; 1EE3; Case map
   1EE4; 1EE5; Case map
   1EE6; 1EE7; Case map
   1EE8; 1EE9; Case map
   1EEA; 1EEB; Case map
   1EEC; 1EED; Case map
   1EEE; 1EEF; Case map
   1EF0; 1EF1; Case map
   1EF2; 1EF3; Case map
   1EF4; 1EF5; Case map
   1EF6; 1EF7; Case map
   1EF8; 1EF9; Case map
   1F08; 1F00; Case map
   1F09; 1F01; Case map
   1F0A; 1F02; Case map
   1F0B; 1F03; Case map
   1F0C; 1F04; Case map
   1F0D; 1F05; Case map
   1F0E; 1F06; Case map
   1F0F; 1F07; Case map
   1F18; 1F10; Case map
   1F19; 1F11; Case map
   1F1A; 1F12; Case map
   1F1B; 1F13; Case map
   1F1C; 1F14; Case map
   1F1D; 1F15; Case map
   1F28; 1F20; Case map
   1F29; 1F21; Case map
   1F2A; 1F22; Case map
   1F2B; 1F23; Case map
   1F2C; 1F24; Case map
   1F2D; 1F25; Case map
   1F2E; 1F26; Case map
   1F2F; 1F27; Case map
   1F38; 1F30; Case map
   1F39; 1F31; Case map
   1F3A; 1F32; Case map
   1F3B; 1F33; Case map
   1F3C; 1F34; Case map
   1F3D; 1F35; Case map
   1F3E; 1F36; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 44]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1F3F; 1F37; Case map
   1F48; 1F40; Case map
   1F49; 1F41; Case map
   1F4A; 1F42; Case map
   1F4B; 1F43; Case map
   1F4C; 1F44; Case map
   1F4D; 1F45; Case map
   1F50; 03C5 0313; Case map
   1F52; 03C5 0313 0300; Case map
   1F54; 03C5 0313 0301; Case map
   1F56; 03C5 0313 0342; Case map
   1F59; 1F51; Case map
   1F5B; 1F53; Case map
   1F5D; 1F55; Case map
   1F5F; 1F57; Case map
   1F68; 1F60; Case map
   1F69; 1F61; Case map
   1F6A; 1F62; Case map
   1F6B; 1F63; Case map
   1F6C; 1F64; Case map
   1F6D; 1F65; Case map
   1F6E; 1F66; Case map
   1F6F; 1F67; Case map
   1F80; 1F00 03B9; Case map
   1F81; 1F01 03B9; Case map
   1F82; 1F02 03B9; Case map
   1F83; 1F03 03B9; Case map
   1F84; 1F04 03B9; Case map
   1F85; 1F05 03B9; Case map
   1F86; 1F06 03B9; Case map
   1F87; 1F07 03B9; Case map
   1F88; 1F00 03B9; Case map
   1F89; 1F01 03B9; Case map
   1F8A; 1F02 03B9; Case map
   1F8B; 1F03 03B9; Case map
   1F8C; 1F04 03B9; Case map
   1F8D; 1F05 03B9; Case map
   1F8E; 1F06 03B9; Case map
   1F8F; 1F07 03B9; Case map
   1F90; 1F20 03B9; Case map
   1F91; 1F21 03B9; Case map
   1F92; 1F22 03B9; Case map
   1F93; 1F23 03B9; Case map
   1F94; 1F24 03B9; Case map
   1F95; 1F25 03B9; Case map
   1F96; 1F26 03B9; Case map
   1F97; 1F27 03B9; Case map
   1F98; 1F20 03B9; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 45]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1F99; 1F21 03B9; Case map
   1F9A; 1F22 03B9; Case map
   1F9B; 1F23 03B9; Case map
   1F9C; 1F24 03B9; Case map
   1F9D; 1F25 03B9; Case map
   1F9E; 1F26 03B9; Case map
   1F9F; 1F27 03B9; Case map
   1FA0; 1F60 03B9; Case map
   1FA1; 1F61 03B9; Case map
   1FA2; 1F62 03B9; Case map
   1FA3; 1F63 03B9; Case map
   1FA4; 1F64 03B9; Case map
   1FA5; 1F65 03B9; Case map
   1FA6; 1F66 03B9; Case map
   1FA7; 1F67 03B9; Case map
   1FA8; 1F60 03B9; Case map
   1FA9; 1F61 03B9; Case map
   1FAA; 1F62 03B9; Case map
   1FAB; 1F63 03B9; Case map
   1FAC; 1F64 03B9; Case map
   1FAD; 1F65 03B9; Case map
   1FAE; 1F66 03B9; Case map
   1FAF; 1F67 03B9; Case map
   1FB2; 1F70 03B9; Case map
   1FB3; 03B1 03B9; Case map
   1FB4; 03AC 03B9; Case map
   1FB6; 03B1 0342; Case map
   1FB7; 03B1 0342 03B9; Case map
   1FB8; 1FB0; Case map
   1FB9; 1FB1; Case map
   1FBA; 1F70; Case map
   1FBB; 1F71; Case map
   1FBC; 03B1 03B9; Case map
   1FBE; 03B9; Case map
   1FC2; 1F74 03B9; Case map
   1FC3; 03B7 03B9; Case map
   1FC4; 03AE 03B9; Case map
   1FC6; 03B7 0342; Case map
   1FC7; 03B7 0342 03B9; Case map
   1FC8; 1F72; Case map
   1FC9; 1F73; Case map
   1FCA; 1F74; Case map
   1FCB; 1F75; Case map
   1FCC; 03B7 03B9; Case map
   1FD2; 03B9 0308 0300; Case map
   1FD3; 03B9 0308 0301; Case map
   1FD6; 03B9 0342; Case map
   1FD7; 03B9 0308 0342; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 46]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1FD8; 1FD0; Case map
   1FD9; 1FD1; Case map
   1FDA; 1F76; Case map
   1FDB; 1F77; Case map
   1FE2; 03C5 0308 0300; Case map
   1FE3; 03C5 0308 0301; Case map
   1FE4; 03C1 0313; Case map
   1FE6; 03C5 0342; Case map
   1FE7; 03C5 0308 0342; Case map
   1FE8; 1FE0; Case map
   1FE9; 1FE1; Case map
   1FEA; 1F7A; Case map
   1FEB; 1F7B; Case map
   1FEC; 1FE5; Case map
   1FF2; 1F7C 03B9; Case map
   1FF3; 03C9 03B9; Case map
   1FF4; 03CE 03B9; Case map
   1FF6; 03C9 0342; Case map
   1FF7; 03C9 0342 03B9; Case map
   1FF8; 1F78; Case map
   1FF9; 1F79; Case map
   1FFA; 1F7C; Case map
   1FFB; 1F7D; Case map
   1FFC; 03C9 03B9; Case map
   20A8; 0072 0073; Additional folding
   2102; 0063; Additional folding
   2103; 00B0 0063; Additional folding
   2107; 025B; Additional folding
   2109; 00B0 0066; Additional folding
   210B; 0068; Additional folding
   210C; 0068; Additional folding
   210D; 0068; Additional folding
   2110; 0069; Additional folding
   2111; 0069; Additional folding
   2112; 006C; Additional folding
   2115; 006E; Additional folding
   2116; 006E 006F; Additional folding
   2119; 0070; Additional folding
   211A; 0071; Additional folding
   211B; 0072; Additional folding
   211C; 0072; Additional folding
   211D; 0072; Additional folding
   2120; 0073 006D; Additional folding
   2121; 0074 0065 006C; Additional folding
   2122; 0074 006D; Additional folding
   2124; 007A; Additional folding
   2126; 03C9; Case map
   2128; 007A; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 47]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   212A; 006B; Case map
   212B; 00E5; Case map
   212C; 0062; Additional folding
   212D; 0063; Additional folding
   2130; 0065; Additional folding
   2131; 0066; Additional folding
   2133; 006D; Additional folding
   213E; 03B3; Additional folding
   213F; 03C0; Additional folding
   2145; 0064; Additional folding
   2160; 2170; Case map
   2161; 2171; Case map
   2162; 2172; Case map
   2163; 2173; Case map
   2164; 2174; Case map
   2165; 2175; Case map
   2166; 2176; Case map
   2167; 2177; Case map
   2168; 2178; Case map
   2169; 2179; Case map
   216A; 217A; Case map
   216B; 217B; Case map
   216C; 217C; Case map
   216D; 217D; Case map
   216E; 217E; Case map
   216F; 217F; Case map
   24B6; 24D0; Case map
   24B7; 24D1; Case map
   24B8; 24D2; Case map
   24B9; 24D3; Case map
   24BA; 24D4; Case map
   24BB; 24D5; Case map
   24BC; 24D6; Case map
   24BD; 24D7; Case map
   24BE; 24D8; Case map
   24BF; 24D9; Case map
   24C0; 24DA; Case map
   24C1; 24DB; Case map
   24C2; 24DC; Case map
   24C3; 24DD; Case map
   24C4; 24DE; Case map
   24C5; 24DF; Case map
   24C6; 24E0; Case map
   24C7; 24E1; Case map
   24C8; 24E2; Case map
   24C9; 24E3; Case map
   24CA; 24E4; Case map
   24CB; 24E5; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 48]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   24CC; 24E6; Case map
   24CD; 24E7; Case map
   24CE; 24E8; Case map
   24CF; 24E9; Case map
   3371; 0068 0070 0061; Additional folding
   3373; 0061 0075; Additional folding
   3375; 006F 0076; Additional folding
   3380; 0070 0061; Additional folding
   3381; 006E 0061; Additional folding
   3382; 03BC 0061; Additional folding
   3383; 006D 0061; Additional folding
   3384; 006B 0061; Additional folding
   3385; 006B 0062; Additional folding
   3386; 006D 0062; Additional folding
   3387; 0067 0062; Additional folding
   338A; 0070 0066; Additional folding
   338B; 006E 0066; Additional folding
   338C; 03BC 0066; Additional folding
   3390; 0068 007A; Additional folding
   3391; 006B 0068 007A; Additional folding
   3392; 006D 0068 007A; Additional folding
   3393; 0067 0068 007A; Additional folding
   3394; 0074 0068 007A; Additional folding
   33A9; 0070 0061; Additional folding
   33AA; 006B 0070 0061; Additional folding
   33AB; 006D 0070 0061; Additional folding
   33AC; 0067 0070 0061; Additional folding
   33B4; 0070 0076; Additional folding
   33B5; 006E 0076; Additional folding
   33B6; 03BC 0076; Additional folding
   33B7; 006D 0076; Additional folding
   33B8; 006B 0076; Additional folding
   33B9; 006D 0076; Additional folding
   33BA; 0070 0077; Additional folding
   33BB; 006E 0077; Additional folding
   33BC; 03BC 0077; Additional folding
   33BD; 006D 0077; Additional folding
   33BE; 006B 0077; Additional folding
   33BF; 006D 0077; Additional folding
   33C0; 006B 03C9; Additional folding
   33C1; 006D 03C9; Additional folding
   33C3; 0062 0071; Additional folding
   33C6; 0063 2215 006B 0067; Additional folding
   33C7; 0063 006F 002E; Additional folding
   33C8; 0064 0062; Additional folding
   33C9; 0067 0079; Additional folding
   33CB; 0068 0070; Additional folding
   33CD; 006B 006B; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 49]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   33CE; 006B 006D; Additional folding
   33D7; 0070 0068; Additional folding
   33D9; 0070 0070 006D; Additional folding
   33DA; 0070 0072; Additional folding
   33DC; 0073 0076; Additional folding
   33DD; 0077 0062; Additional folding
   FB00; 0066 0066; Case map
   FB01; 0066 0069; Case map
   FB02; 0066 006C; Case map
   FB03; 0066 0066 0069; Case map
   FB04; 0066 0066 006C; Case map
   FB05; 0073 0074; Case map
   FB06; 0073 0074; Case map
   FB13; 0574 0576; Case map
   FB14; 0574 0565; Case map
   FB15; 0574 056B; Case map
   FB16; 057E 0576; Case map
   FB17; 0574 056D; Case map
   FF21; FF41; Case map
   FF22; FF42; Case map
   FF23; FF43; Case map
   FF24; FF44; Case map
   FF25; FF45; Case map
   FF26; FF46; Case map
   FF27; FF47; Case map
   FF28; FF48; Case map
   FF29; FF49; Case map
   FF2A; FF4A; Case map
   FF2B; FF4B; Case map
   FF2C; FF4C; Case map
   FF2D; FF4D; Case map
   FF2E; FF4E; Case map
   FF2F; FF4F; Case map
   FF30; FF50; Case map
   FF31; FF51; Case map
   FF32; FF52; Case map
   FF33; FF53; Case map
   FF34; FF54; Case map
   FF35; FF55; Case map
   FF36; FF56; Case map
   FF37; FF57; Case map
   FF38; FF58; Case map
   FF39; FF59; Case map
   FF3A; FF5A; Case map
   10400; 10428; Case map
   10401; 10429; Case map
   10402; 1042A; Case map
   10403; 1042B; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 50]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   10404; 1042C; Case map
   10405; 1042D; Case map
   10406; 1042E; Case map
   10407; 1042F; Case map
   10408; 10430; Case map
   10409; 10431; Case map
   1040A; 10432; Case map
   1040B; 10433; Case map
   1040C; 10434; Case map
   1040D; 10435; Case map
   1040E; 10436; Case map
   1040F; 10437; Case map
   10410; 10438; Case map
   10411; 10439; Case map
   10412; 1043A; Case map
   10413; 1043B; Case map
   10414; 1043C; Case map
   10415; 1043D; Case map
   10416; 1043E; Case map
   10417; 1043F; Case map
   10418; 10440; Case map
   10419; 10441; Case map
   1041A; 10442; Case map
   1041B; 10443; Case map
   1041C; 10444; Case map
   1041D; 10445; Case map
   1041E; 10446; Case map
   1041F; 10447; Case map
   10420; 10448; Case map
   10421; 10449; Case map
   10422; 1044A; Case map
   10423; 1044B; Case map
   10424; 1044C; Case map
   10425; 1044D; Case map
   1D400; 0061; Additional folding
   1D401; 0062; Additional folding
   1D402; 0063; Additional folding
   1D403; 0064; Additional folding
   1D404; 0065; Additional folding
   1D405; 0066; Additional folding
   1D406; 0067; Additional folding
   1D407; 0068; Additional folding
   1D408; 0069; Additional folding
   1D409; 006A; Additional folding
   1D40A; 006B; Additional folding
   1D40B; 006C; Additional folding
   1D40C; 006D; Additional folding
   1D40D; 006E; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 51]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D40E; 006F; Additional folding
   1D40F; 0070; Additional folding
   1D410; 0071; Additional folding
   1D411; 0072; Additional folding
   1D412; 0073; Additional folding
   1D413; 0074; Additional folding
   1D414; 0075; Additional folding
   1D415; 0076; Additional folding
   1D416; 0077; Additional folding
   1D417; 0078; Additional folding
   1D418; 0079; Additional folding
   1D419; 007A; Additional folding
   1D434; 0061; Additional folding
   1D435; 0062; Additional folding
   1D436; 0063; Additional folding
   1D437; 0064; Additional folding
   1D438; 0065; Additional folding
   1D439; 0066; Additional folding
   1D43A; 0067; Additional folding
   1D43B; 0068; Additional folding
   1D43C; 0069; Additional folding
   1D43D; 006A; Additional folding
   1D43E; 006B; Additional folding
   1D43F; 006C; Additional folding
   1D440; 006D; Additional folding
   1D441; 006E; Additional folding
   1D442; 006F; Additional folding
   1D443; 0070; Additional folding
   1D444; 0071; Additional folding
   1D445; 0072; Additional folding
   1D446; 0073; Additional folding
   1D447; 0074; Additional folding
   1D448; 0075; Additional folding
   1D449; 0076; Additional folding
   1D44A; 0077; Additional folding
   1D44B; 0078; Additional folding
   1D44C; 0079; Additional folding
   1D44D; 007A; Additional folding
   1D468; 0061; Additional folding
   1D469; 0062; Additional folding
   1D46A; 0063; Additional folding
   1D46B; 0064; Additional folding
   1D46C; 0065; Additional folding
   1D46D; 0066; Additional folding
   1D46E; 0067; Additional folding
   1D46F; 0068; Additional folding
   1D470; 0069; Additional folding
   1D471; 006A; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 52]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D472; 006B; Additional folding
   1D473; 006C; Additional folding
   1D474; 006D; Additional folding
   1D475; 006E; Additional folding
   1D476; 006F; Additional folding
   1D477; 0070; Additional folding
   1D478; 0071; Additional folding
   1D479; 0072; Additional folding
   1D47A; 0073; Additional folding
   1D47B; 0074; Additional folding
   1D47C; 0075; Additional folding
   1D47D; 0076; Additional folding
   1D47E; 0077; Additional folding
   1D47F; 0078; Additional folding
   1D480; 0079; Additional folding
   1D481; 007A; Additional folding
   1D49C; 0061; Additional folding
   1D49E; 0063; Additional folding
   1D49F; 0064; Additional folding
   1D4A2; 0067; Additional folding
   1D4A5; 006A; Additional folding
   1D4A6; 006B; Additional folding
   1D4A9; 006E; Additional folding
   1D4AA; 006F; Additional folding
   1D4AB; 0070; Additional folding
   1D4AC; 0071; Additional folding
   1D4AE; 0073; Additional folding
   1D4AF; 0074; Additional folding
   1D4B0; 0075; Additional folding
   1D4B1; 0076; Additional folding
   1D4B2; 0077; Additional folding
   1D4B3; 0078; Additional folding
   1D4B4; 0079; Additional folding
   1D4B5; 007A; Additional folding
   1D4D0; 0061; Additional folding
   1D4D1; 0062; Additional folding
   1D4D2; 0063; Additional folding
   1D4D3; 0064; Additional folding
   1D4D4; 0065; Additional folding
   1D4D5; 0066; Additional folding
   1D4D6; 0067; Additional folding
   1D4D7; 0068; Additional folding
   1D4D8; 0069; Additional folding
   1D4D9; 006A; Additional folding
   1D4DA; 006B; Additional folding
   1D4DB; 006C; Additional folding
   1D4DC; 006D; Additional folding
   1D4DD; 006E; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 53]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D4DE; 006F; Additional folding
   1D4DF; 0070; Additional folding
   1D4E0; 0071; Additional folding
   1D4E1; 0072; Additional folding
   1D4E2; 0073; Additional folding
   1D4E3; 0074; Additional folding
   1D4E4; 0075; Additional folding
   1D4E5; 0076; Additional folding
   1D4E6; 0077; Additional folding
   1D4E7; 0078; Additional folding
   1D4E8; 0079; Additional folding
   1D4E9; 007A; Additional folding
   1D504; 0061; Additional folding
   1D505; 0062; Additional folding
   1D507; 0064; Additional folding
   1D508; 0065; Additional folding
   1D509; 0066; Additional folding
   1D50A; 0067; Additional folding
   1D50D; 006A; Additional folding
   1D50E; 006B; Additional folding
   1D50F; 006C; Additional folding
   1D510; 006D; Additional folding
   1D511; 006E; Additional folding
   1D512; 006F; Additional folding
   1D513; 0070; Additional folding
   1D514; 0071; Additional folding
   1D516; 0073; Additional folding
   1D517; 0074; Additional folding
   1D518; 0075; Additional folding
   1D519; 0076; Additional folding
   1D51A; 0077; Additional folding
   1D51B; 0078; Additional folding
   1D51C; 0079; Additional folding
   1D538; 0061; Additional folding
   1D539; 0062; Additional folding
   1D53B; 0064; Additional folding
   1D53C; 0065; Additional folding
   1D53D; 0066; Additional folding
   1D53E; 0067; Additional folding
   1D540; 0069; Additional folding
   1D541; 006A; Additional folding
   1D542; 006B; Additional folding
   1D543; 006C; Additional folding
   1D544; 006D; Additional folding
   1D546; 006F; Additional folding
   1D54A; 0073; Additional folding
   1D54B; 0074; Additional folding
   1D54C; 0075; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 54]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D54D; 0076; Additional folding
   1D54E; 0077; Additional folding
   1D54F; 0078; Additional folding
   1D550; 0079; Additional folding
   1D56C; 0061; Additional folding
   1D56D; 0062; Additional folding
   1D56E; 0063; Additional folding
   1D56F; 0064; Additional folding
   1D570; 0065; Additional folding
   1D571; 0066; Additional folding
   1D572; 0067; Additional folding
   1D573; 0068; Additional folding
   1D574; 0069; Additional folding
   1D575; 006A; Additional folding
   1D576; 006B; Additional folding
   1D577; 006C; Additional folding
   1D578; 006D; Additional folding
   1D579; 006E; Additional folding
   1D57A; 006F; Additional folding
   1D57B; 0070; Additional folding
   1D57C; 0071; Additional folding
   1D57D; 0072; Additional folding
   1D57E; 0073; Additional folding
   1D57F; 0074; Additional folding
   1D580; 0075; Additional folding
   1D581; 0076; Additional folding
   1D582; 0077; Additional folding
   1D583; 0078; Additional folding
   1D584; 0079; Additional folding
   1D585; 007A; Additional folding
   1D5A0; 0061; Additional folding
   1D5A1; 0062; Additional folding
   1D5A2; 0063; Additional folding
   1D5A3; 0064; Additional folding
   1D5A4; 0065; Additional folding
   1D5A5; 0066; Additional folding
   1D5A6; 0067; Additional folding
   1D5A7; 0068; Additional folding
   1D5A8; 0069; Additional folding
   1D5A9; 006A; Additional folding
   1D5AA; 006B; Additional folding
   1D5AB; 006C; Additional folding
   1D5AC; 006D; Additional folding
   1D5AD; 006E; Additional folding
   1D5AE; 006F; Additional folding
   1D5AF; 0070; Additional folding
   1D5B0; 0071; Additional folding
   1D5B1; 0072; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 55]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D5B2; 0073; Additional folding
   1D5B3; 0074; Additional folding
   1D5B4; 0075; Additional folding
   1D5B5; 0076; Additional folding
   1D5B6; 0077; Additional folding
   1D5B7; 0078; Additional folding
   1D5B8; 0079; Additional folding
   1D5B9; 007A; Additional folding
   1D5D4; 0061; Additional folding
   1D5D5; 0062; Additional folding
   1D5D6; 0063; Additional folding
   1D5D7; 0064; Additional folding
   1D5D8; 0065; Additional folding
   1D5D9; 0066; Additional folding
   1D5DA; 0067; Additional folding
   1D5DB; 0068; Additional folding
   1D5DC; 0069; Additional folding
   1D5DD; 006A; Additional folding
   1D5DE; 006B; Additional folding
   1D5DF; 006C; Additional folding
   1D5E0; 006D; Additional folding
   1D5E1; 006E; Additional folding
   1D5E2; 006F; Additional folding
   1D5E3; 0070; Additional folding
   1D5E4; 0071; Additional folding
   1D5E5; 0072; Additional folding
   1D5E6; 0073; Additional folding
   1D5E7; 0074; Additional folding
   1D5E8; 0075; Additional folding
   1D5E9; 0076; Additional folding
   1D5EA; 0077; Additional folding
   1D5EB; 0078; Additional folding
   1D5EC; 0079; Additional folding
   1D5ED; 007A; Additional folding
   1D608; 0061; Additional folding
   1D609; 0062; Additional folding
   1D60A; 0063; Additional folding
   1D60B; 0064; Additional folding
   1D60C; 0065; Additional folding
   1D60D; 0066; Additional folding
   1D60E; 0067; Additional folding
   1D60F; 0068; Additional folding
   1D610; 0069; Additional folding
   1D611; 006A; Additional folding
   1D612; 006B; Additional folding
   1D613; 006C; Additional folding
   1D614; 006D; Additional folding
   1D615; 006E; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 56]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D616; 006F; Additional folding
   1D617; 0070; Additional folding
   1D618; 0071; Additional folding
   1D619; 0072; Additional folding
   1D61A; 0073; Additional folding
   1D61B; 0074; Additional folding
   1D61C; 0075; Additional folding
   1D61D; 0076; Additional folding
   1D61E; 0077; Additional folding
   1D61F; 0078; Additional folding
   1D620; 0079; Additional folding
   1D621; 007A; Additional folding
   1D63C; 0061; Additional folding
   1D63D; 0062; Additional folding
   1D63E; 0063; Additional folding
   1D63F; 0064; Additional folding
   1D640; 0065; Additional folding
   1D641; 0066; Additional folding
   1D642; 0067; Additional folding
   1D643; 0068; Additional folding
   1D644; 0069; Additional folding
   1D645; 006A; Additional folding
   1D646; 006B; Additional folding
   1D647; 006C; Additional folding
   1D648; 006D; Additional folding
   1D649; 006E; Additional folding
   1D64A; 006F; Additional folding
   1D64B; 0070; Additional folding
   1D64C; 0071; Additional folding
   1D64D; 0072; Additional folding
   1D64E; 0073; Additional folding
   1D64F; 0074; Additional folding
   1D650; 0075; Additional folding
   1D651; 0076; Additional folding
   1D652; 0077; Additional folding
   1D653; 0078; Additional folding
   1D654; 0079; Additional folding
   1D655; 007A; Additional folding
   1D670; 0061; Additional folding
   1D671; 0062; Additional folding
   1D672; 0063; Additional folding
   1D673; 0064; Additional folding
   1D674; 0065; Additional folding
   1D675; 0066; Additional folding
   1D676; 0067; Additional folding
   1D677; 0068; Additional folding
   1D678; 0069; Additional folding
   1D679; 006A; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 57]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D67A; 006B; Additional folding
   1D67B; 006C; Additional folding
   1D67C; 006D; Additional folding
   1D67D; 006E; Additional folding
   1D67E; 006F; Additional folding
   1D67F; 0070; Additional folding
   1D680; 0071; Additional folding
   1D681; 0072; Additional folding
   1D682; 0073; Additional folding
   1D683; 0074; Additional folding
   1D684; 0075; Additional folding
   1D685; 0076; Additional folding
   1D686; 0077; Additional folding
   1D687; 0078; Additional folding
   1D688; 0079; Additional folding
   1D689; 007A; Additional folding
   1D6A8; 03B1; Additional folding
   1D6A9; 03B2; Additional folding
   1D6AA; 03B3; Additional folding
   1D6AB; 03B4; Additional folding
   1D6AC; 03B5; Additional folding
   1D6AD; 03B6; Additional folding
   1D6AE; 03B7; Additional folding
   1D6AF; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D6B0; 03B9; Additional folding
   1D6B1; 03BA; Additional folding
   1D6B2; 03BB; Additional folding
   1D6B3; 03BC; Additional folding
   1D6B4; 03BD; Additional folding
   1D6B5; 03BE; Additional folding
   1D6B6; 03BF; Additional folding
   1D6B7; 03C0; Additional folding
   1D6B8; 03C1; Additional folding
   1D6B9; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D6BA; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D6BB; 03C4; Additional folding
   1D6BC; 03C5; Additional folding
   1D6BD; 03C6; Additional folding
   1D6BE; 03C7; Additional folding
   1D6BF; 03C8; Additional folding
   1D6C0; 03C9; Additional folding
   1D6D3; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D6E2; 03B1; Additional folding
   1D6E3; 03B2; Additional folding
   1D6E4; 03B3; Additional folding
   1D6E5; 03B4; Additional folding
   1D6E6; 03B5; Additional folding
   1D6E7; 03B6; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 58]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D6E8; 03B7; Additional folding
   1D6E9; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D6EA; 03B9; Additional folding
   1D6EB; 03BA; Additional folding
   1D6EC; 03BB; Additional folding
   1D6ED; 03BC; Additional folding
   1D6EE; 03BD; Additional folding
   1D6EF; 03BE; Additional folding
   1D6F0; 03BF; Additional folding
   1D6F1; 03C0; Additional folding
   1D6F2; 03C1; Additional folding
   1D6F3; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D6F4; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D6F5; 03C4; Additional folding
   1D6F6; 03C5; Additional folding
   1D6F7; 03C6; Additional folding
   1D6F8; 03C7; Additional folding
   1D6F9; 03C8; Additional folding
   1D6FA; 03C9; Additional folding
   1D70D; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D71C; 03B1; Additional folding
   1D71D; 03B2; Additional folding
   1D71E; 03B3; Additional folding
   1D71F; 03B4; Additional folding
   1D720; 03B5; Additional folding
   1D721; 03B6; Additional folding
   1D722; 03B7; Additional folding
   1D723; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D724; 03B9; Additional folding
   1D725; 03BA; Additional folding
   1D726; 03BB; Additional folding
   1D727; 03BC; Additional folding
   1D728; 03BD; Additional folding
   1D729; 03BE; Additional folding
   1D72A; 03BF; Additional folding
   1D72B; 03C0; Additional folding
   1D72C; 03C1; Additional folding
   1D72D; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D72E; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D72F; 03C4; Additional folding
   1D730; 03C5; Additional folding
   1D731; 03C6; Additional folding
   1D732; 03C7; Additional folding
   1D733; 03C8; Additional folding
   1D734; 03C9; Additional folding
   1D747; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D756; 03B1; Additional folding
   1D757; 03B2; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 59]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D758; 03B3; Additional folding
   1D759; 03B4; Additional folding
   1D75A; 03B5; Additional folding
   1D75B; 03B6; Additional folding
   1D75C; 03B7; Additional folding
   1D75D; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D75E; 03B9; Additional folding
   1D75F; 03BA; Additional folding
   1D760; 03BB; Additional folding
   1D761; 03BC; Additional folding
   1D762; 03BD; Additional folding
   1D763; 03BE; Additional folding
   1D764; 03BF; Additional folding
   1D765; 03C0; Additional folding
   1D766; 03C1; Additional folding
   1D767; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D768; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D769; 03C4; Additional folding
   1D76A; 03C5; Additional folding
   1D76B; 03C6; Additional folding
   1D76C; 03C7; Additional folding
   1D76D; 03C8; Additional folding
   1D76E; 03C9; Additional folding
   1D781; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D790; 03B1; Additional folding
   1D791; 03B2; Additional folding
   1D792; 03B3; Additional folding
   1D793; 03B4; Additional folding
   1D794; 03B5; Additional folding
   1D795; 03B6; Additional folding
   1D796; 03B7; Additional folding
   1D797; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D798; 03B9; Additional folding
   1D799; 03BA; Additional folding
   1D79A; 03BB; Additional folding
   1D79B; 03BC; Additional folding
   1D79C; 03BD; Additional folding
   1D79D; 03BE; Additional folding
   1D79E; 03BF; Additional folding
   1D79F; 03C0; Additional folding
   1D7A0; 03C1; Additional folding
   1D7A1; 03B8; Additional folding
   1D7A2; 03C3; Additional folding
   1D7A3; 03C4; Additional folding
   1D7A4; 03C5; Additional folding
   1D7A5; 03C6; Additional folding
   1D7A6; 03C7; Additional folding
   1D7A7; 03C8; Additional folding



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 60]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D7A8; 03C9; Additional folding
   1D7BB; 03C3; Additional folding
   ----- End Table B.2 -----

B.3 Mapping for case-folding used with no normalization

   ----- Start Table B.3 -----
   0041; 0061; Case map
   0042; 0062; Case map
   0043; 0063; Case map
   0044; 0064; Case map
   0045; 0065; Case map
   0046; 0066; Case map
   0047; 0067; Case map
   0048; 0068; Case map
   0049; 0069; Case map
   004A; 006A; Case map
   004B; 006B; Case map
   004C; 006C; Case map
   004D; 006D; Case map
   004E; 006E; Case map
   004F; 006F; Case map
   0050; 0070; Case map
   0051; 0071; Case map
   0052; 0072; Case map
   0053; 0073; Case map
   0054; 0074; Case map
   0055; 0075; Case map
   0056; 0076; Case map
   0057; 0077; Case map
   0058; 0078; Case map
   0059; 0079; Case map
   005A; 007A; Case map
   00B5; 03BC; Case map
   00C0; 00E0; Case map
   00C1; 00E1; Case map
   00C2; 00E2; Case map
   00C3; 00E3; Case map
   00C4; 00E4; Case map
   00C5; 00E5; Case map
   00C6; 00E6; Case map
   00C7; 00E7; Case map
   00C8; 00E8; Case map
   00C9; 00E9; Case map
   00CA; 00EA; Case map
   00CB; 00EB; Case map
   00CC; 00EC; Case map
   00CD; 00ED; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 61]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   00CE; 00EE; Case map
   00CF; 00EF; Case map
   00D0; 00F0; Case map
   00D1; 00F1; Case map
   00D2; 00F2; Case map
   00D3; 00F3; Case map
   00D4; 00F4; Case map
   00D5; 00F5; Case map
   00D6; 00F6; Case map
   00D8; 00F8; Case map
   00D9; 00F9; Case map
   00DA; 00FA; Case map
   00DB; 00FB; Case map
   00DC; 00FC; Case map
   00DD; 00FD; Case map
   00DE; 00FE; Case map
   00DF; 0073 0073; Case map
   0100; 0101; Case map
   0102; 0103; Case map
   0104; 0105; Case map
   0106; 0107; Case map
   0108; 0109; Case map
   010A; 010B; Case map
   010C; 010D; Case map
   010E; 010F; Case map
   0110; 0111; Case map
   0112; 0113; Case map
   0114; 0115; Case map
   0116; 0117; Case map
   0118; 0119; Case map
   011A; 011B; Case map
   011C; 011D; Case map
   011E; 011F; Case map
   0120; 0121; Case map
   0122; 0123; Case map
   0124; 0125; Case map
   0126; 0127; Case map
   0128; 0129; Case map
   012A; 012B; Case map
   012C; 012D; Case map
   012E; 012F; Case map
   0130; 0069 0307; Case map
   0132; 0133; Case map
   0134; 0135; Case map
   0136; 0137; Case map
   0139; 013A; Case map
   013B; 013C; Case map
   013D; 013E; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 62]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   013F; 0140; Case map
   0141; 0142; Case map
   0143; 0144; Case map
   0145; 0146; Case map
   0147; 0148; Case map
   0149; 02BC 006E; Case map
   014A; 014B; Case map
   014C; 014D; Case map
   014E; 014F; Case map
   0150; 0151; Case map
   0152; 0153; Case map
   0154; 0155; Case map
   0156; 0157; Case map
   0158; 0159; Case map
   015A; 015B; Case map
   015C; 015D; Case map
   015E; 015F; Case map
   0160; 0161; Case map
   0162; 0163; Case map
   0164; 0165; Case map
   0166; 0167; Case map
   0168; 0169; Case map
   016A; 016B; Case map
   016C; 016D; Case map
   016E; 016F; Case map
   0170; 0171; Case map
   0172; 0173; Case map
   0174; 0175; Case map
   0176; 0177; Case map
   0178; 00FF; Case map
   0179; 017A; Case map
   017B; 017C; Case map
   017D; 017E; Case map
   017F; 0073; Case map
   0181; 0253; Case map
   0182; 0183; Case map
   0184; 0185; Case map
   0186; 0254; Case map
   0187; 0188; Case map
   0189; 0256; Case map
   018A; 0257; Case map
   018B; 018C; Case map
   018E; 01DD; Case map
   018F; 0259; Case map
   0190; 025B; Case map
   0191; 0192; Case map
   0193; 0260; Case map
   0194; 0263; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 63]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0196; 0269; Case map
   0197; 0268; Case map
   0198; 0199; Case map
   019C; 026F; Case map
   019D; 0272; Case map
   019F; 0275; Case map
   01A0; 01A1; Case map
   01A2; 01A3; Case map
   01A4; 01A5; Case map
   01A6; 0280; Case map
   01A7; 01A8; Case map
   01A9; 0283; Case map
   01AC; 01AD; Case map
   01AE; 0288; Case map
   01AF; 01B0; Case map
   01B1; 028A; Case map
   01B2; 028B; Case map
   01B3; 01B4; Case map
   01B5; 01B6; Case map
   01B7; 0292; Case map
   01B8; 01B9; Case map
   01BC; 01BD; Case map
   01C4; 01C6; Case map
   01C5; 01C6; Case map
   01C7; 01C9; Case map
   01C8; 01C9; Case map
   01CA; 01CC; Case map
   01CB; 01CC; Case map
   01CD; 01CE; Case map
   01CF; 01D0; Case map
   01D1; 01D2; Case map
   01D3; 01D4; Case map
   01D5; 01D6; Case map
   01D7; 01D8; Case map
   01D9; 01DA; Case map
   01DB; 01DC; Case map
   01DE; 01DF; Case map
   01E0; 01E1; Case map
   01E2; 01E3; Case map
   01E4; 01E5; Case map
   01E6; 01E7; Case map
   01E8; 01E9; Case map
   01EA; 01EB; Case map
   01EC; 01ED; Case map
   01EE; 01EF; Case map
   01F0; 006A 030C; Case map
   01F1; 01F3; Case map
   01F2; 01F3; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 64]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   01F4; 01F5; Case map
   01F6; 0195; Case map
   01F7; 01BF; Case map
   01F8; 01F9; Case map
   01FA; 01FB; Case map
   01FC; 01FD; Case map
   01FE; 01FF; Case map
   0200; 0201; Case map
   0202; 0203; Case map
   0204; 0205; Case map
   0206; 0207; Case map
   0208; 0209; Case map
   020A; 020B; Case map
   020C; 020D; Case map
   020E; 020F; Case map
   0210; 0211; Case map
   0212; 0213; Case map
   0214; 0215; Case map
   0216; 0217; Case map
   0218; 0219; Case map
   021A; 021B; Case map
   021C; 021D; Case map
   021E; 021F; Case map
   0220; 019E; Case map
   0222; 0223; Case map
   0224; 0225; Case map
   0226; 0227; Case map
   0228; 0229; Case map
   022A; 022B; Case map
   022C; 022D; Case map
   022E; 022F; Case map
   0230; 0231; Case map
   0232; 0233; Case map
   0345; 03B9; Case map
   0386; 03AC; Case map
   0388; 03AD; Case map
   0389; 03AE; Case map
   038A; 03AF; Case map
   038C; 03CC; Case map
   038E; 03CD; Case map
   038F; 03CE; Case map
   0390; 03B9 0308 0301; Case map
   0391; 03B1; Case map
   0392; 03B2; Case map
   0393; 03B3; Case map
   0394; 03B4; Case map
   0395; 03B5; Case map
   0396; 03B6; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 65]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0397; 03B7; Case map
   0398; 03B8; Case map
   0399; 03B9; Case map
   039A; 03BA; Case map
   039B; 03BB; Case map
   039C; 03BC; Case map
   039D; 03BD; Case map
   039E; 03BE; Case map
   039F; 03BF; Case map
   03A0; 03C0; Case map
   03A1; 03C1; Case map
   03A3; 03C3; Case map
   03A4; 03C4; Case map
   03A5; 03C5; Case map
   03A6; 03C6; Case map
   03A7; 03C7; Case map
   03A8; 03C8; Case map
   03A9; 03C9; Case map
   03AA; 03CA; Case map
   03AB; 03CB; Case map
   03B0; 03C5 0308 0301; Case map
   03C2; 03C3; Case map
   03D0; 03B2; Case map
   03D1; 03B8; Case map
   03D5; 03C6; Case map
   03D6; 03C0; Case map
   03D8; 03D9; Case map
   03DA; 03DB; Case map
   03DC; 03DD; Case map
   03DE; 03DF; Case map
   03E0; 03E1; Case map
   03E2; 03E3; Case map
   03E4; 03E5; Case map
   03E6; 03E7; Case map
   03E8; 03E9; Case map
   03EA; 03EB; Case map
   03EC; 03ED; Case map
   03EE; 03EF; Case map
   03F0; 03BA; Case map
   03F1; 03C1; Case map
   03F2; 03C3; Case map
   03F4; 03B8; Case map
   03F5; 03B5; Case map
   0400; 0450; Case map
   0401; 0451; Case map
   0402; 0452; Case map
   0403; 0453; Case map
   0404; 0454; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 66]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0405; 0455; Case map
   0406; 0456; Case map
   0407; 0457; Case map
   0408; 0458; Case map
   0409; 0459; Case map
   040A; 045A; Case map
   040B; 045B; Case map
   040C; 045C; Case map
   040D; 045D; Case map
   040E; 045E; Case map
   040F; 045F; Case map
   0410; 0430; Case map
   0411; 0431; Case map
   0412; 0432; Case map
   0413; 0433; Case map
   0414; 0434; Case map
   0415; 0435; Case map
   0416; 0436; Case map
   0417; 0437; Case map
   0418; 0438; Case map
   0419; 0439; Case map
   041A; 043A; Case map
   041B; 043B; Case map
   041C; 043C; Case map
   041D; 043D; Case map
   041E; 043E; Case map
   041F; 043F; Case map
   0420; 0440; Case map
   0421; 0441; Case map
   0422; 0442; Case map
   0423; 0443; Case map
   0424; 0444; Case map
   0425; 0445; Case map
   0426; 0446; Case map
   0427; 0447; Case map
   0428; 0448; Case map
   0429; 0449; Case map
   042A; 044A; Case map
   042B; 044B; Case map
   042C; 044C; Case map
   042D; 044D; Case map
   042E; 044E; Case map
   042F; 044F; Case map
   0460; 0461; Case map
   0462; 0463; Case map
   0464; 0465; Case map
   0466; 0467; Case map
   0468; 0469; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 67]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   046A; 046B; Case map
   046C; 046D; Case map
   046E; 046F; Case map
   0470; 0471; Case map
   0472; 0473; Case map
   0474; 0475; Case map
   0476; 0477; Case map
   0478; 0479; Case map
   047A; 047B; Case map
   047C; 047D; Case map
   047E; 047F; Case map
   0480; 0481; Case map
   048A; 048B; Case map
   048C; 048D; Case map
   048E; 048F; Case map
   0490; 0491; Case map
   0492; 0493; Case map
   0494; 0495; Case map
   0496; 0497; Case map
   0498; 0499; Case map
   049A; 049B; Case map
   049C; 049D; Case map
   049E; 049F; Case map
   04A0; 04A1; Case map
   04A2; 04A3; Case map
   04A4; 04A5; Case map
   04A6; 04A7; Case map
   04A8; 04A9; Case map
   04AA; 04AB; Case map
   04AC; 04AD; Case map
   04AE; 04AF; Case map
   04B0; 04B1; Case map
   04B2; 04B3; Case map
   04B4; 04B5; Case map
   04B6; 04B7; Case map
   04B8; 04B9; Case map
   04BA; 04BB; Case map
   04BC; 04BD; Case map
   04BE; 04BF; Case map
   04C1; 04C2; Case map
   04C3; 04C4; Case map
   04C5; 04C6; Case map
   04C7; 04C8; Case map
   04C9; 04CA; Case map
   04CB; 04CC; Case map
   04CD; 04CE; Case map
   04D0; 04D1; Case map
   04D2; 04D3; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 68]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   04D4; 04D5; Case map
   04D6; 04D7; Case map
   04D8; 04D9; Case map
   04DA; 04DB; Case map
   04DC; 04DD; Case map
   04DE; 04DF; Case map
   04E0; 04E1; Case map
   04E2; 04E3; Case map
   04E4; 04E5; Case map
   04E6; 04E7; Case map
   04E8; 04E9; Case map
   04EA; 04EB; Case map
   04EC; 04ED; Case map
   04EE; 04EF; Case map
   04F0; 04F1; Case map
   04F2; 04F3; Case map
   04F4; 04F5; Case map
   04F8; 04F9; Case map
   0500; 0501; Case map
   0502; 0503; Case map
   0504; 0505; Case map
   0506; 0507; Case map
   0508; 0509; Case map
   050A; 050B; Case map
   050C; 050D; Case map
   050E; 050F; Case map
   0531; 0561; Case map
   0532; 0562; Case map
   0533; 0563; Case map
   0534; 0564; Case map
   0535; 0565; Case map
   0536; 0566; Case map
   0537; 0567; Case map
   0538; 0568; Case map
   0539; 0569; Case map
   053A; 056A; Case map
   053B; 056B; Case map
   053C; 056C; Case map
   053D; 056D; Case map
   053E; 056E; Case map
   053F; 056F; Case map
   0540; 0570; Case map
   0541; 0571; Case map
   0542; 0572; Case map
   0543; 0573; Case map
   0544; 0574; Case map
   0545; 0575; Case map
   0546; 0576; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 69]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0547; 0577; Case map
   0548; 0578; Case map
   0549; 0579; Case map
   054A; 057A; Case map
   054B; 057B; Case map
   054C; 057C; Case map
   054D; 057D; Case map
   054E; 057E; Case map
   054F; 057F; Case map
   0550; 0580; Case map
   0551; 0581; Case map
   0552; 0582; Case map
   0553; 0583; Case map
   0554; 0584; Case map
   0555; 0585; Case map
   0556; 0586; Case map
   0587; 0565 0582; Case map
   1E00; 1E01; Case map
   1E02; 1E03; Case map
   1E04; 1E05; Case map
   1E06; 1E07; Case map
   1E08; 1E09; Case map
   1E0A; 1E0B; Case map
   1E0C; 1E0D; Case map
   1E0E; 1E0F; Case map
   1E10; 1E11; Case map
   1E12; 1E13; Case map
   1E14; 1E15; Case map
   1E16; 1E17; Case map
   1E18; 1E19; Case map
   1E1A; 1E1B; Case map
   1E1C; 1E1D; Case map
   1E1E; 1E1F; Case map
   1E20; 1E21; Case map
   1E22; 1E23; Case map
   1E24; 1E25; Case map
   1E26; 1E27; Case map
   1E28; 1E29; Case map
   1E2A; 1E2B; Case map
   1E2C; 1E2D; Case map
   1E2E; 1E2F; Case map
   1E30; 1E31; Case map
   1E32; 1E33; Case map
   1E34; 1E35; Case map
   1E36; 1E37; Case map
   1E38; 1E39; Case map
   1E3A; 1E3B; Case map
   1E3C; 1E3D; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 70]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1E3E; 1E3F; Case map
   1E40; 1E41; Case map
   1E42; 1E43; Case map
   1E44; 1E45; Case map
   1E46; 1E47; Case map
   1E48; 1E49; Case map
   1E4A; 1E4B; Case map
   1E4C; 1E4D; Case map
   1E4E; 1E4F; Case map
   1E50; 1E51; Case map
   1E52; 1E53; Case map
   1E54; 1E55; Case map
   1E56; 1E57; Case map
   1E58; 1E59; Case map
   1E5A; 1E5B; Case map
   1E5C; 1E5D; Case map
   1E5E; 1E5F; Case map
   1E60; 1E61; Case map
   1E62; 1E63; Case map
   1E64; 1E65; Case map
   1E66; 1E67; Case map
   1E68; 1E69; Case map
   1E6A; 1E6B; Case map
   1E6C; 1E6D; Case map
   1E6E; 1E6F; Case map
   1E70; 1E71; Case map
   1E72; 1E73; Case map
   1E74; 1E75; Case map
   1E76; 1E77; Case map
   1E78; 1E79; Case map
   1E7A; 1E7B; Case map
   1E7C; 1E7D; Case map
   1E7E; 1E7F; Case map
   1E80; 1E81; Case map
   1E82; 1E83; Case map
   1E84; 1E85; Case map
   1E86; 1E87; Case map
   1E88; 1E89; Case map
   1E8A; 1E8B; Case map
   1E8C; 1E8D; Case map
   1E8E; 1E8F; Case map
   1E90; 1E91; Case map
   1E92; 1E93; Case map
   1E94; 1E95; Case map
   1E96; 0068 0331; Case map
   1E97; 0074 0308; Case map
   1E98; 0077 030A; Case map
   1E99; 0079 030A; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 71]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1E9A; 0061 02BE; Case map
   1E9B; 1E61; Case map
   1EA0; 1EA1; Case map
   1EA2; 1EA3; Case map
   1EA4; 1EA5; Case map
   1EA6; 1EA7; Case map
   1EA8; 1EA9; Case map
   1EAA; 1EAB; Case map
   1EAC; 1EAD; Case map
   1EAE; 1EAF; Case map
   1EB0; 1EB1; Case map
   1EB2; 1EB3; Case map
   1EB4; 1EB5; Case map
   1EB6; 1EB7; Case map
   1EB8; 1EB9; Case map
   1EBA; 1EBB; Case map
   1EBC; 1EBD; Case map
   1EBE; 1EBF; Case map
   1EC0; 1EC1; Case map
   1EC2; 1EC3; Case map
   1EC4; 1EC5; Case map
   1EC6; 1EC7; Case map
   1EC8; 1EC9; Case map
   1ECA; 1ECB; Case map
   1ECC; 1ECD; Case map
   1ECE; 1ECF; Case map
   1ED0; 1ED1; Case map
   1ED2; 1ED3; Case map
   1ED4; 1ED5; Case map
   1ED6; 1ED7; Case map
   1ED8; 1ED9; Case map
   1EDA; 1EDB; Case map
   1EDC; 1EDD; Case map
   1EDE; 1EDF; Case map
   1EE0; 1EE1; Case map
   1EE2; 1EE3; Case map
   1EE4; 1EE5; Case map
   1EE6; 1EE7; Case map
   1EE8; 1EE9; Case map
   1EEA; 1EEB; Case map
   1EEC; 1EED; Case map
   1EEE; 1EEF; Case map
   1EF0; 1EF1; Case map
   1EF2; 1EF3; Case map
   1EF4; 1EF5; Case map
   1EF6; 1EF7; Case map
   1EF8; 1EF9; Case map
   1F08; 1F00; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 72]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1F09; 1F01; Case map
   1F0A; 1F02; Case map
   1F0B; 1F03; Case map
   1F0C; 1F04; Case map
   1F0D; 1F05; Case map
   1F0E; 1F06; Case map
   1F0F; 1F07; Case map
   1F18; 1F10; Case map
   1F19; 1F11; Case map
   1F1A; 1F12; Case map
   1F1B; 1F13; Case map
   1F1C; 1F14; Case map
   1F1D; 1F15; Case map
   1F28; 1F20; Case map
   1F29; 1F21; Case map
   1F2A; 1F22; Case map
   1F2B; 1F23; Case map
   1F2C; 1F24; Case map
   1F2D; 1F25; Case map
   1F2E; 1F26; Case map
   1F2F; 1F27; Case map
   1F38; 1F30; Case map
   1F39; 1F31; Case map
   1F3A; 1F32; Case map
   1F3B; 1F33; Case map
   1F3C; 1F34; Case map
   1F3D; 1F35; Case map
   1F3E; 1F36; Case map
   1F3F; 1F37; Case map
   1F48; 1F40; Case map
   1F49; 1F41; Case map
   1F4A; 1F42; Case map
   1F4B; 1F43; Case map
   1F4C; 1F44; Case map
   1F4D; 1F45; Case map
   1F50; 03C5 0313; Case map
   1F52; 03C5 0313 0300; Case map
   1F54; 03C5 0313 0301; Case map
   1F56; 03C5 0313 0342; Case map
   1F59; 1F51; Case map
   1F5B; 1F53; Case map
   1F5D; 1F55; Case map
   1F5F; 1F57; Case map
   1F68; 1F60; Case map
   1F69; 1F61; Case map
   1F6A; 1F62; Case map
   1F6B; 1F63; Case map
   1F6C; 1F64; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 73]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1F6D; 1F65; Case map
   1F6E; 1F66; Case map
   1F6F; 1F67; Case map
   1F80; 1F00 03B9; Case map
   1F81; 1F01 03B9; Case map
   1F82; 1F02 03B9; Case map
   1F83; 1F03 03B9; Case map
   1F84; 1F04 03B9; Case map
   1F85; 1F05 03B9; Case map
   1F86; 1F06 03B9; Case map
   1F87; 1F07 03B9; Case map
   1F88; 1F00 03B9; Case map
   1F89; 1F01 03B9; Case map
   1F8A; 1F02 03B9; Case map
   1F8B; 1F03 03B9; Case map
   1F8C; 1F04 03B9; Case map
   1F8D; 1F05 03B9; Case map
   1F8E; 1F06 03B9; Case map
   1F8F; 1F07 03B9; Case map
   1F90; 1F20 03B9; Case map
   1F91; 1F21 03B9; Case map
   1F92; 1F22 03B9; Case map
   1F93; 1F23 03B9; Case map
   1F94; 1F24 03B9; Case map
   1F95; 1F25 03B9; Case map
   1F96; 1F26 03B9; Case map
   1F97; 1F27 03B9; Case map
   1F98; 1F20 03B9; Case map
   1F99; 1F21 03B9; Case map
   1F9A; 1F22 03B9; Case map
   1F9B; 1F23 03B9; Case map
   1F9C; 1F24 03B9; Case map
   1F9D; 1F25 03B9; Case map
   1F9E; 1F26 03B9; Case map
   1F9F; 1F27 03B9; Case map
   1FA0; 1F60 03B9; Case map
   1FA1; 1F61 03B9; Case map
   1FA2; 1F62 03B9; Case map
   1FA3; 1F63 03B9; Case map
   1FA4; 1F64 03B9; Case map
   1FA5; 1F65 03B9; Case map
   1FA6; 1F66 03B9; Case map
   1FA7; 1F67 03B9; Case map
   1FA8; 1F60 03B9; Case map
   1FA9; 1F61 03B9; Case map
   1FAA; 1F62 03B9; Case map
   1FAB; 1F63 03B9; Case map
   1FAC; 1F64 03B9; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 74]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1FAD; 1F65 03B9; Case map
   1FAE; 1F66 03B9; Case map
   1FAF; 1F67 03B9; Case map
   1FB2; 1F70 03B9; Case map
   1FB3; 03B1 03B9; Case map
   1FB4; 03AC 03B9; Case map
   1FB6; 03B1 0342; Case map
   1FB7; 03B1 0342 03B9; Case map
   1FB8; 1FB0; Case map
   1FB9; 1FB1; Case map
   1FBA; 1F70; Case map
   1FBB; 1F71; Case map
   1FBC; 03B1 03B9; Case map
   1FBE; 03B9; Case map
   1FC2; 1F74 03B9; Case map
   1FC3; 03B7 03B9; Case map
   1FC4; 03AE 03B9; Case map
   1FC6; 03B7 0342; Case map
   1FC7; 03B7 0342 03B9; Case map
   1FC8; 1F72; Case map
   1FC9; 1F73; Case map
   1FCA; 1F74; Case map
   1FCB; 1F75; Case map
   1FCC; 03B7 03B9; Case map
   1FD2; 03B9 0308 0300; Case map
   1FD3; 03B9 0308 0301; Case map
   1FD6; 03B9 0342; Case map
   1FD7; 03B9 0308 0342; Case map
   1FD8; 1FD0; Case map
   1FD9; 1FD1; Case map
   1FDA; 1F76; Case map
   1FDB; 1F77; Case map
   1FE2; 03C5 0308 0300; Case map
   1FE3; 03C5 0308 0301; Case map
   1FE4; 03C1 0313; Case map
   1FE6; 03C5 0342; Case map
   1FE7; 03C5 0308 0342; Case map
   1FE8; 1FE0; Case map
   1FE9; 1FE1; Case map
   1FEA; 1F7A; Case map
   1FEB; 1F7B; Case map
   1FEC; 1FE5; Case map
   1FF2; 1F7C 03B9; Case map
   1FF3; 03C9 03B9; Case map
   1FF4; 03CE 03B9; Case map
   1FF6; 03C9 0342; Case map
   1FF7; 03C9 0342 03B9; Case map
   1FF8; 1F78; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 75]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1FF9; 1F79; Case map
   1FFA; 1F7C; Case map
   1FFB; 1F7D; Case map
   1FFC; 03C9 03B9; Case map
   2126; 03C9; Case map
   212A; 006B; Case map
   212B; 00E5; Case map
   2160; 2170; Case map
   2161; 2171; Case map
   2162; 2172; Case map
   2163; 2173; Case map
   2164; 2174; Case map
   2165; 2175; Case map
   2166; 2176; Case map
   2167; 2177; Case map
   2168; 2178; Case map
   2169; 2179; Case map
   216A; 217A; Case map
   216B; 217B; Case map
   216C; 217C; Case map
   216D; 217D; Case map
   216E; 217E; Case map
   216F; 217F; Case map
   24B6; 24D0; Case map
   24B7; 24D1; Case map
   24B8; 24D2; Case map
   24B9; 24D3; Case map
   24BA; 24D4; Case map
   24BB; 24D5; Case map
   24BC; 24D6; Case map
   24BD; 24D7; Case map
   24BE; 24D8; Case map
   24BF; 24D9; Case map
   24C0; 24DA; Case map
   24C1; 24DB; Case map
   24C2; 24DC; Case map
   24C3; 24DD; Case map
   24C4; 24DE; Case map
   24C5; 24DF; Case map
   24C6; 24E0; Case map
   24C7; 24E1; Case map
   24C8; 24E2; Case map
   24C9; 24E3; Case map
   24CA; 24E4; Case map
   24CB; 24E5; Case map
   24CC; 24E6; Case map
   24CD; 24E7; Case map
   24CE; 24E8; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 76]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   24CF; 24E9; Case map
   FB00; 0066 0066; Case map
   FB01; 0066 0069; Case map
   FB02; 0066 006C; Case map
   FB03; 0066 0066 0069; Case map
   FB04; 0066 0066 006C; Case map
   FB05; 0073 0074; Case map
   FB06; 0073 0074; Case map
   FB13; 0574 0576; Case map
   FB14; 0574 0565; Case map
   FB15; 0574 056B; Case map
   FB16; 057E 0576; Case map
   FB17; 0574 056D; Case map
   FF21; FF41; Case map
   FF22; FF42; Case map
   FF23; FF43; Case map
   FF24; FF44; Case map
   FF25; FF45; Case map
   FF26; FF46; Case map
   FF27; FF47; Case map
   FF28; FF48; Case map
   FF29; FF49; Case map
   FF2A; FF4A; Case map
   FF2B; FF4B; Case map
   FF2C; FF4C; Case map
   FF2D; FF4D; Case map
   FF2E; FF4E; Case map
   FF2F; FF4F; Case map
   FF30; FF50; Case map
   FF31; FF51; Case map
   FF32; FF52; Case map
   FF33; FF53; Case map
   FF34; FF54; Case map
   FF35; FF55; Case map
   FF36; FF56; Case map
   FF37; FF57; Case map
   FF38; FF58; Case map
   FF39; FF59; Case map
   FF3A; FF5A; Case map
   10400; 10428; Case map
   10401; 10429; Case map
   10402; 1042A; Case map
   10403; 1042B; Case map
   10404; 1042C; Case map
   10405; 1042D; Case map
   10406; 1042E; Case map
   10407; 1042F; Case map
   10408; 10430; Case map



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 77]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   10409; 10431; Case map
   1040A; 10432; Case map
   1040B; 10433; Case map
   1040C; 10434; Case map
   1040D; 10435; Case map
   1040E; 10436; Case map
   1040F; 10437; Case map
   10410; 10438; Case map
   10411; 10439; Case map
   10412; 1043A; Case map
   10413; 1043B; Case map
   10414; 1043C; Case map
   10415; 1043D; Case map
   10416; 1043E; Case map
   10417; 1043F; Case map
   10418; 10440; Case map
   10419; 10441; Case map
   1041A; 10442; Case map
   1041B; 10443; Case map
   1041C; 10444; Case map
   1041D; 10445; Case map
   1041E; 10446; Case map
   1041F; 10447; Case map
   10420; 10448; Case map
   10421; 10449; Case map
   10422; 1044A; Case map
   10423; 1044B; Case map
   10424; 1044C; Case map
   10425; 1044D; Case map
   ----- End Table B.3 -----

C. Prohibition tables

   The tables in this appendix consist of lines with one prohibited code
   point per line.  The format of the lines are the value of the code
   point, a semicolon, and a comment which is the name of the code
   point.

C.1 Space characters

C.1.1 ASCII space characters

   ----- Start Table C.1.1 -----
   0020; SPACE
   ----- End Table C.1.1 -----






Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 78]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


C.1.2 Non-ASCII space characters
   ----- Start Table C.1.2 -----
   00A0; NO-BREAK SPACE
   1680; OGHAM SPACE MARK
   2000; EN QUAD
   2001; EM QUAD
   2002; EN SPACE
   2003; EM SPACE
   2004; THREE-PER-EM SPACE
   2005; FOUR-PER-EM SPACE
   2006; SIX-PER-EM SPACE
   2007; FIGURE SPACE
   2008; PUNCTUATION SPACE
   2009; THIN SPACE
   200A; HAIR SPACE
   200B; ZERO WIDTH SPACE
   202F; NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE
   205F; MEDIUM MATHEMATICAL SPACE
   3000; IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE
   ----- End Table C.1.2 -----

C.2 Control characters

C.2.1 ASCII control characters

   ----- Start Table C.2.1 -----
   0000-001F; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   007F; DELETE
   ----- End Table C.2.1 -----

C.2.2 Non-ASCII control characters

   ----- Start Table C.2.2 -----
   0080-009F; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   06DD; ARABIC END OF AYAH
   070F; SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK
   180E; MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
   200C; ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER
   200D; ZERO WIDTH JOINER
   2028; LINE SEPARATOR
   2029; PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR
   2060; WORD JOINER
   2061; FUNCTION APPLICATION
   2062; INVISIBLE TIMES
   2063; INVISIBLE SEPARATOR
   206A-206F; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   FEFF; ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE
   FFF9-FFFC; [CONTROL CHARACTERS]



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 79]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D173-1D17A; [MUSICAL CONTROL CHARACTERS]
   ----- End Table C.2.2 -----

C.3 Private use

   ----- Start Table C.3 -----
   E000-F8FF; [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 0]
   F0000-FFFFD; [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 15]
   100000-10FFFD; [PRIVATE USE, PLANE 16]
   ----- End Table C.3 -----

C.4 Non-character code points

   ----- Start Table C.4 -----
   FDD0-FDEF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   FFFE-FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   1FFFE-1FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   2FFFE-2FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   3FFFE-3FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   4FFFE-4FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   5FFFE-5FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   6FFFE-6FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   7FFFE-7FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   8FFFE-8FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   9FFFE-9FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   AFFFE-AFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   BFFFE-BFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   CFFFE-CFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   DFFFE-DFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   EFFFE-EFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   FFFFE-FFFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   10FFFE-10FFFF; [NONCHARACTER CODE POINTS]
   ----- End Table C.4 -----

C.5 Surrogate codes

   ----- Start Table C.5 -----
   D800-DFFF; [SURROGATE CODES]
   ----- End Table C.5 -----

C.6 Inappropriate for plain text

   ----- Start Table C.6 -----
   FFF9; INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR
   FFFA; INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR
   FFFB; INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR
   FFFC; OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
   FFFD; REPLACEMENT CHARACTER



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 80]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   ----- End Table C.6 -----

C.7 Inappropriate for canonical representation

   ----- Start Table C.7 -----
   2FF0-2FFB; [IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTERS]
   ----- End Table C.7 -----

C.8 Change display properties or are deprecated

   ----- Start Table C.8 -----
   0340; COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK
   0341; COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK
   200E; LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK
   200F; RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK
   202A; LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING
   202B; RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING
   202C; POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
   202D; LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE
   202E; RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
   206A; INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING
   206B; ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING
   206C; INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING
   206D; ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING
   206E; NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES
   206F; NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES
   ----- End Table C.8 -----

C.9 Tagging characters

   ----- Start Table C.9 -----
   E0001; LANGUAGE TAG
   E0020-E007F; [TAGGING CHARACTERS]
   ----- End Table C.9 -----

D. Bidirectional tables

D.1 Characters with bidirectional property "R" or "AL"

   ----- Start Table D.1 -----
   05BE
   05C0
   05C3
   05D0-05EA
   05F0-05F4
   061B
   061F
   0621-063A



Hoffman & Blanchet          Standards Track                    [Page 81]

RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0640-064A
   066D-066F
   0671-06D5
   06DD
   06E5-06E6
   06FA-06FE
   0700-070D
   0710
   0712-072C
   0780-07A5
   07B1
   200F
   FB1D
   FB1F-FB28
   FB2A-FB36
   FB38-FB3C
   FB3E
   FB40-FB41
   FB43-FB44
   FB46-FBB1
   FBD3-FD3D
   FD50-FD8F
   FD92-FDC7
   FDF0-FDFC
   FE70-FE74
   FE76-FEFC
   ----- End Table D.1 -----

D.2 Characters with bidirectional property "L"

   ----- Start Table D.2 -----
   0041-005A
   0061-007A
   00AA
   00B5
   00BA
   00C0-00D6
   00D8-00F6
   00F8-0220
   0222-0233
   0250-02AD
   02B0-02B8
   02BB-02C1
   02D0-02D1
   02E0-02E4
   02EE
   037A
   0386



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0388-038A
   038C
   038E-03A1
   03A3-03CE
   03D0-03F5
   0400-0482
   048A-04CE
   04D0-04F5
   04F8-04F9
   0500-050F
   0531-0556
   0559-055F
   0561-0587
   0589
   0903
   0905-0939
   093D-0940
   0949-094C
   0950
   0958-0961
   0964-0970
   0982-0983
   0985-098C
   098F-0990
   0993-09A8
   09AA-09B0
   09B2
   09B6-09B9
   09BE-09C0
   09C7-09C8
   09CB-09CC
   09D7
   09DC-09DD
   09DF-09E1
   09E6-09F1
   09F4-09FA
   0A05-0A0A
   0A0F-0A10
   0A13-0A28
   0A2A-0A30
   0A32-0A33
   0A35-0A36
   0A38-0A39
   0A3E-0A40
   0A59-0A5C
   0A5E
   0A66-0A6F
   0A72-0A74



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0A83
   0A85-0A8B
   0A8D
   0A8F-0A91
   0A93-0AA8
   0AAA-0AB0
   0AB2-0AB3
   0AB5-0AB9
   0ABD-0AC0
   0AC9
   0ACB-0ACC
   0AD0
   0AE0
   0AE6-0AEF
   0B02-0B03
   0B05-0B0C
   0B0F-0B10
   0B13-0B28
   0B2A-0B30
   0B32-0B33
   0B36-0B39
   0B3D-0B3E
   0B40
   0B47-0B48
   0B4B-0B4C
   0B57
   0B5C-0B5D
   0B5F-0B61
   0B66-0B70
   0B83
   0B85-0B8A
   0B8E-0B90
   0B92-0B95
   0B99-0B9A
   0B9C
   0B9E-0B9F
   0BA3-0BA4
   0BA8-0BAA
   0BAE-0BB5
   0BB7-0BB9
   0BBE-0BBF
   0BC1-0BC2
   0BC6-0BC8
   0BCA-0BCC
   0BD7
   0BE7-0BF2
   0C01-0C03
   0C05-0C0C



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0C0E-0C10
   0C12-0C28
   0C2A-0C33
   0C35-0C39
   0C41-0C44
   0C60-0C61
   0C66-0C6F
   0C82-0C83
   0C85-0C8C
   0C8E-0C90
   0C92-0CA8
   0CAA-0CB3
   0CB5-0CB9
   0CBE
   0CC0-0CC4
   0CC7-0CC8
   0CCA-0CCB
   0CD5-0CD6
   0CDE
   0CE0-0CE1
   0CE6-0CEF
   0D02-0D03
   0D05-0D0C
   0D0E-0D10
   0D12-0D28
   0D2A-0D39
   0D3E-0D40
   0D46-0D48
   0D4A-0D4C
   0D57
   0D60-0D61
   0D66-0D6F
   0D82-0D83
   0D85-0D96
   0D9A-0DB1
   0DB3-0DBB
   0DBD
   0DC0-0DC6
   0DCF-0DD1
   0DD8-0DDF
   0DF2-0DF4
   0E01-0E30
   0E32-0E33
   0E40-0E46
   0E4F-0E5B
   0E81-0E82
   0E84
   0E87-0E88



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   0E8A
   0E8D
   0E94-0E97
   0E99-0E9F
   0EA1-0EA3
   0EA5
   0EA7
   0EAA-0EAB
   0EAD-0EB0
   0EB2-0EB3
   0EBD
   0EC0-0EC4
   0EC6
   0ED0-0ED9
   0EDC-0EDD
   0F00-0F17
   0F1A-0F34
   0F36
   0F38
   0F3E-0F47
   0F49-0F6A
   0F7F
   0F85
   0F88-0F8B
   0FBE-0FC5
   0FC7-0FCC
   0FCF
   1000-1021
   1023-1027
   1029-102A
   102C
   1031
   1038
   1040-1057
   10A0-10C5
   10D0-10F8
   10FB
   1100-1159
   115F-11A2
   11A8-11F9
   1200-1206
   1208-1246
   1248
   124A-124D
   1250-1256
   1258
   125A-125D
   1260-1286



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1288
   128A-128D
   1290-12AE
   12B0
   12B2-12B5
   12B8-12BE
   12C0
   12C2-12C5
   12C8-12CE
   12D0-12D6
   12D8-12EE
   12F0-130E
   1310
   1312-1315
   1318-131E
   1320-1346
   1348-135A
   1361-137C
   13A0-13F4
   1401-1676
   1681-169A
   16A0-16F0
   1700-170C
   170E-1711
   1720-1731
   1735-1736
   1740-1751
   1760-176C
   176E-1770
   1780-17B6
   17BE-17C5
   17C7-17C8
   17D4-17DA
   17DC
   17E0-17E9
   1810-1819
   1820-1877
   1880-18A8
   1E00-1E9B
   1EA0-1EF9
   1F00-1F15
   1F18-1F1D
   1F20-1F45
   1F48-1F4D
   1F50-1F57
   1F59
   1F5B
   1F5D



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1F5F-1F7D
   1F80-1FB4
   1FB6-1FBC
   1FBE
   1FC2-1FC4
   1FC6-1FCC
   1FD0-1FD3
   1FD6-1FDB
   1FE0-1FEC
   1FF2-1FF4
   1FF6-1FFC
   200E
   2071
   207F
   2102
   2107
   210A-2113
   2115
   2119-211D
   2124
   2126
   2128
   212A-212D
   212F-2131
   2133-2139
   213D-213F
   2145-2149
   2160-2183
   2336-237A
   2395
   249C-24E9
   3005-3007
   3021-3029
   3031-3035
   3038-303C
   3041-3096
   309D-309F
   30A1-30FA
   30FC-30FF
   3105-312C
   3131-318E
   3190-31B7
   31F0-321C
   3220-3243
   3260-327B
   327F-32B0
   32C0-32CB
   32D0-32FE



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   3300-3376
   337B-33DD
   33E0-33FE
   3400-4DB5
   4E00-9FA5
   A000-A48C
   AC00-D7A3
   D800-FA2D
   FA30-FA6A
   FB00-FB06
   FB13-FB17
   FF21-FF3A
   FF41-FF5A
   FF66-FFBE
   FFC2-FFC7
   FFCA-FFCF
   FFD2-FFD7
   FFDA-FFDC
   10300-1031E
   10320-10323
   10330-1034A
   10400-10425
   10428-1044D
   1D000-1D0F5
   1D100-1D126
   1D12A-1D166
   1D16A-1D172
   1D183-1D184
   1D18C-1D1A9
   1D1AE-1D1DD
   1D400-1D454
   1D456-1D49C
   1D49E-1D49F
   1D4A2
   1D4A5-1D4A6
   1D4A9-1D4AC
   1D4AE-1D4B9
   1D4BB
   1D4BD-1D4C0
   1D4C2-1D4C3
   1D4C5-1D505
   1D507-1D50A
   1D50D-1D514
   1D516-1D51C
   1D51E-1D539
   1D53B-1D53E
   1D540-1D544
   1D546



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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


   1D54A-1D550
   1D552-1D6A3
   1D6A8-1D7C9
   20000-2A6D6
   2F800-2FA1D
   F0000-FFFFD
   100000-10FFFD
   ----- End Table D.2 -----

Authors' Addresses

   Paul Hoffman
   Internet Mail Consortium and VPN Consortium
   127 Segre Place
   Santa Cruz, CA  95060 USA

   EMail: paul.hoffman@imc.org and paul.hoffman@vpnc.org


   Marc Blanchet
   Viagenie inc.
   2875 boul. Laurier, bur. 300
   Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada, G1V 2M2

   EMail: Marc.Blanchet@viagenie.qc.ca


























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RFC 3454        Preparation of Internationalized Strings   December 2002


Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
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   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
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   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.



















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